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Ninh Binh 的 Dong Hoa Lu:越南古都旅行指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · north · ninh-binh

Ninh Binh 的 Dong Hoa Lu:越南古都旅行指南

在 Hanoi 成为首都的一千年前,Hoa Lu 曾是越南的国都。这篇指南将告诉你如何避开旅游大巴的人潮,尽情探索这里的寺庙、洞穴和喀斯特地貌。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 23, 20266 min read
Aerial view of a traditional Vietnamese temple surrounded by lush greenery, capturing the serene atmosphere and architectural harmony.
↑ Aerial view of a traditional Vietnamese temple surrounded by lush greenery, capturing the serene atmosphere and architectural harmony.Photo by HONG SON on Pexels
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#dong hoa lu#ninh binh#north#destinations#ancient capital#temples#karst landscape
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    Hoa Lu 究竟是什么

    公元 968 年至 1010 年,在 Dinh(丁朝)和早期的 Le(前黎朝)统治时期,Hoa Lu 曾是越南的帝国首都——随后朝廷才向北迁至如今的 Hanoi。如今,该遗址位于 Ninh Binh(닌빈 / 宁平 / ニンビン)市西北约 12 km 处,坐落在一个被石灰岩喀斯特地貌环绕的山谷中,这些山峰曾是天然的防御堡垒。

    “Dong Hoa Lu” 这个名字指的是更广阔的历史建筑群:两座主要的寺庙院落(Dinh Tien Hoang 庙和 Le Dai Hanh 庙)、散落的废墟、洞穴,以及在视觉上与 Tam Coc 和 Trang An 相连的周边喀斯特风光。尽管名字里有“dong”(洞穴/石窟),但它并不是一个单一的洞穴——你可以把它看作是一个露天的考古景观,里面有寺庙、古城墙和石灰岩地貌。

    为什么游客会去这里

    Hoa Lu 提供了 Tam Coc 和 Trang An 所没有的东西:厚重的历史感,且无需在混乱中排队等船。这里的寺庙古色古香,工作日的清晨庭院十分宁静,无论你面向北方还是南方,周围的稻田和喀斯特地貌都如出一辙。它非常适合与 Trang An 的半日游,或者骑行穿过乡间小路前往 Tam Coc 的行程搭配在一起,为你的 Ninh Binh 之旅增添一层超越纯粹风景的文化底蕴。

    这处遗址也与越南建国的起源故事息息相关——10 世纪时,Dinh Bo Linh 在这里统一了国家。如果你参观过 Hanoi 的 [文庙](/posts/temple-of-literature-hanoi (하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ)-guide),Hoa Lu 能为你提供更早期的历史背景。

    最佳游览时间

    最佳的时间是 1 月下旬至 4 月 以及 9 月至 11 月。1 月到 3 月天气干燥,稻田呈现出青黄相间的色彩。5 月到 8 月则炎热(35°C+)、潮湿且多雨——虽然雾气中的喀斯特地貌看起来极具戏剧性,但寺庙庭院容易积水,蚊虫也会大量繁殖。

    5 月下旬和 6 月正值水稻丰收季,稻田会变成一片金黄——如果你能忍受酷热,那绝对值得一看。尽量避开 Tet(春节)那一周以及越南的主要节假日(4 月的 Hung Kings Festival 和 9 月的国庆节),除非你喜欢和成千上万的国内游客一起挤在寺庙里。

    全年工作日的早晨通常都很安静。

    如何从 Hanoi 前往

    距离: 向南约 95 km,公路车程约 2 小时。

    • 巴士: 从 Giap Bat 车站到 Ninh Binh 市——80,000–120,000 VND,每 20-30 分钟一班,大约需要 2 小时。到达 Ninh Binh 市后,可以搭乘摩的(xe om)或出租车(50,000–80,000 VND)行驶剩下的 12 km 到达 Hoa Lu。
    • 火车: 从 Hanoi 火车站到 Ninh Binh 火车站——根据座位等级不同,票价为 75,000–130,000 VND,大约需要 2.5 小时。出站后同样可以搭乘出租车前往。
    • 摩托车: 沿 QL1A 国道直达或走较新的高速公路(过路费约 35,000 VND)。走高速公路可将时间缩短至 90 分钟。
    • Grab/包车: 从 Hanoi 市中心出发单程 800,000–1,200,000 VND。

    抵达 Ninh Binh 后,通常会将 Hoa Lu 与 Trang An 或 Tam Coc 结合在一起,安排成一日环线游。

    越南 Ninh Binh Tam Coc 郁郁葱葱的田野和蜿蜒河流的壮丽鸟瞰图。

    照片由 Hugo Guillemard 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    游玩项目 —— 5 个具体推荐

    1. 漫步 Dinh Tien Hoang 庙建筑群

    主庙供奉的是 Dinh Tien Hoang 国王(在位时间 968–979 年)。穿过外门,越过立有石柱标记的庭院,进入昏暗的内殿。注意寻找木梁上的雕刻龙纹——这是 17 世纪对 10 世纪原件的修复。不慌不忙地游览大约需要 20–30 分钟。

    2. 继续前往 Le Dai Hanh 庙

    向南步行 500 米。这座庙宇更小、更安静,供奉着第二王朝的建立者。其建筑风格与 Dinh 庙相似,但感觉更加私密。后殿有一扇三门大门,正好将背后的喀斯特山脊框在其中——非常适合拍摄自然不造作的照片。

    3. 攀登马鞍山(Ma Yen)观景点

    在 Le Dai Hanh 庙的后面,有一条石板路,大约 260 级台阶通向“马鞍”山脊。以正常速度攀登需要 15 分钟。从山顶可以 360 度俯瞰这座古都的天然城墙——喀斯特石峰环绕着平坦的稻田。在这里,你能在视觉上瞬间明白它作为堡垒的地理逻辑。

    4. 骑行乡间小路环线前往 Tam Coc

    你可以在 Ninh Binh 市内的任何一家民宿(30,000–50,000 VND/天)或寺庙附近租一辆自行车。从 Hoa Lu 向南前往 Tam Coc 的道路长约 10 km,穿过稻田,路过在池塘里打滚的水牛,从喀斯特悬崖下穿过。路面平坦且铺有柏油,除了周末外几乎没有车辆。

    5. 参观 Thien Ton 洞穴佛塔

    位于主庙以东 2 km 处。这是一座建在石灰岩洞穴中的仍在使用的佛教塔庙——即使在夏天,内部也保持凉爽。这里的游客比 Bai Dinh 少,氛围也更好。免费入场。

    附近就餐推荐

    Ninh Binh 的招牌菜是“com chay”——锅巴,压薄后炸至酥脆,配上浓郁的炖羊肉一起食用。在 Hoa Lu 和 Tam Coc 之间沿路的餐厅里都能找到这道菜。一份完整的 com chay 套餐每人大约 80,000–150,000 VND。

    还可以找找“de tai chanh”——青柠叶拌羊肉,冷盘上桌。这里的山羊在石灰岩山上吃草,当地人说这赋予了羊肉独特的风味。不管真假,这道菜确实很好吃。

    两个靠谱的餐厅:Nha Hang Hoang Long(在 Hoa Lu 路上,距离寺庙 2 km)和更靠近 Tam Coc 的 Quan Com Chay Ba Buoi。

    住宿推荐

    • 经济型(200,000–400,000 VND/晚): 位于 Trang An 沿路或 Ninh Binh 市中心的民宿。提供基础客房,通常包含早餐。Tam Coc Garden 及类似住宿集中在寺庙的南面。
    • 中档型(600,000–1,200,000 VND): Ninh Binh 市内的小型酒店,或 Tam Coc 附近带泳池的精品民宿。Tam Coc Rice Fields Resort 就属于这个价位。
    • 奢华型(2,000,000+ VND): Ninh Binh Hidden Charm Hotel 或位于 Van Long 潟湖的 Emeralda Resort,向北约 20 分钟车程。

    住在 Tam Coc 附近距离 Hoa Lu 最近,非常适合清晨前往游览。

    Ninh Binh 令人惊叹的石灰岩山脉中佛教寺庙的壮丽景色。

    照片由 Karolina 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    当地人会告诉你的实用建议

    • 携带现金。寺庙建筑群内没有 ATM 机。每座寺庙 20,000 VND 的门票需要在门口支付。
    • 如果要爬 Ma Yen,请穿防滑的鞋子——雨后石阶会变得很滑。
    • 售票处下午 5 点关闭,但周围的道路和观景点依然开放。
    • Hoa Lu 加上 Trang An 乘船游览的组合行程需要一整天。不要试图再把 Bai Dinh 塔加进去——车程太长了。

    避免常见的错误

    • 预订从 Hanoi 出发的“全包”旅游大巴。 这种行程会把 Hoa Lu、Tam Coc 和 Mua Cave 塞进疯狂的 8 小时里,还附带一顿没人想吃的自助午餐。你花在路上的时间会比在任何景点的时间都多。建议在 Ninh Binh 住一晚。
    • 为了 Trang An 而完全跳过 Hoa Lu。 Trang An 风景优美,但乘船游览是被动的。Hoa Lu 绝对值得你花上 90 分钟——你可以步行、攀登,还能学到一些历史知识。
    • 中午抵达。 寺庙朝东;早晨的光线更适合拍照,而且从 4 月开始,露天庭院里的正午高温会让人难以忍受。
    • 期待看到考古发掘现场。 Hoa Lu 是寺庙和自然景观的结合,而不是被挖掘出的废墟。请将期望调整为“活态遗产地”,而不是吴哥窟。

    实用须知

    Hoa Lu 最适合作为为期 2–3 天的 Ninh Binh 行程的一部分,该行程还可以包括 Tam Coc、Trang An,或许还可以骑车去 Van Long 湿地。为寺庙和 Ma Yen 观景点预留半天时间。骑行环线会再增加半天时间,但这能让这里的风景比任何乘船游览都更长久地留在你的记忆中。