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Hoa Lu 古都:Ninh Binh 第一座首都的旅行指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · north · ninh-binh

Hoa Lu 古都:Ninh Binh 第一座首都的旅行指南

在 Hanoi 成为首都之前,Hoa Lu 曾是越南的都城。本文将告诉你在这里可以做些什么、如何前往,以及为什么它非常适合与 Tam Coc 搭配游玩。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 18, 20266 min read
Aerial view of a traditional Vietnamese temple surrounded by lush greenery, capturing the serene atmosphere and architectural harmony.
↑ Aerial view of a traditional Vietnamese temple surrounded by lush greenery, capturing the serene atmosphere and architectural harmony.Photo by HONG SON on Pexels
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#pho co hoa lu#hoa lu#ninh binh#north#destinations#ancient capital#temples
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    什么是 Hoa Lu 以及为什么它很重要

    在1010年 Hanoi 成为首都之前,Hoa Lu 在 Dinh 朝和 Le 朝统治下作为都城长达42年。如今,该遗址位于 Ninh Binh(닌빈 / 宁平 / ニンビン)市西北约 12 km 处,四周环绕着石灰岩喀斯特地貌,这些山峰在千年前曾是天然的防御城墙。现在保留下来的是两座寺庙——Dinh Tien Hoang 庙和 Le Dai Hanh 庙,它们是在10世纪皇宫的原址基础上于17世纪重建的。

    这里不像 My Son 那样只是一片废墟。它是一个生机勃勃的寺庙建筑群,背靠壮丽的喀斯特风光,庭院里香火缭绕,当地家庭会来此祈福。这里的历史真实可触,但真正让它值得一游的是那种独特的氛围。

    为什么旅行者会去这里

    大多数前往 Ninh Binh 的游客都是为了去 Tam Coc 或 Trang An 乘船游览。Hoa Lu 恰好位于市区与这些景点之间的道路上,因此很容易顺道游览。但它绝对值得你多花点时间,而不是匆匆停留30分钟拍张照就走。

    这些寺庙确实非常美丽——深色的木材、精美的龙形雕刻、厚重的石头祭坛。周围的景观也解释了为什么 Dinh 朝会选择这个地方:三面是石灰岩峭壁,第四面有河流作为通道。如果你走到主庙区之外,依然可以寻觅到古老城池的轮廓。这是一个值得你放慢脚步细细品味的地方。

    最佳游览时间

    Ninh Binh 的最佳旅游季节是10月至次年4月——气候干燥、凉爽,晴朗的天空让喀斯特山峰在蓝天映衬下显得格外清晰。1月到3月可能会有些阴冷和毛毛雨,但游客较少。尽量避免7月和8月:天气炎热潮湿,而且在暴雨期间遗址偶尔会被淹没。

    如果你的行程正好赶上 Hoa Lu 节(农历3月——通常在公历4月),你会看到传统的游行队伍、舞龙表演,寺庙里挤满了越南游客。虽然有些喧闹,但文化氛围极其浓厚。

    如何从 Hanoi 前往

    Ninh Binh 是必经的门户。从 Hanoi(하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ)出发:

    • 巴士:从 Giap Bat 汽车站到 Ninh Binh,约 2 hours,80,000–100,000 VND。每 15–20 分钟一班。
    • 火车:从 Hanoi 火车站到 Ninh Binh 火车站,2.5 hours,票价 75,000–120,000 VND,视座位等级而定。SE 系列列车相当舒适。
    • 摩托车:经由 QL1A 国道或新建的高速公路(摩托车过路费:40,000 VND),全程 95 km。大约需要 2 hours。

    从 Ninh Binh 市区到 Hoa Lu:向西北方向行驶 12 km。乘坐 Grab 摩托车单程大约需要 40,000–50,000 VND。大多数客栈都提供摩托车租赁服务,价格为 120,000–150,000 VND/day。这是最好的选择,因为你通常会把 Hoa Lu 和 Tam Coc 或 Trang An 结合起来游玩。

    越南 Ninh Binh 心形稻田的无人机航拍图,展现了乡村风光。

    照片由 Menderes Kahraman 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    在 Hoa Lu 可以做些什么

    漫步两座寺庙建筑群

    首先是 Dinh Tien Hoang 庙——供奉着在968年统一了 Vietnam(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)各交战派系的国王。三门入口、石头庭院和幽暗的内部大殿大约需要 30–40 分钟才能好好探索一番。Le Dai Hanh 庙在前方 500 米处,规模较小,但游客更少,可以说更有氛围。千万不要错过。

    攀登附近的 Hang Mua 观景台

    Hang Mua(Mua Cave)距离 Hoa Lu 4 km。攀登500级台阶到达山顶的龙形雕像处,你可以俯瞰 Tam Coc 山谷的全景——水淹的稻田、喀斯特石峰,以及蜿蜒穿过的 Ngo Dong River。建议在清晨或傍晚前往,以避开正午的酷热和旅行团。门票:100,000 VND。

    寻迹古城墙

    在主庙区之外,有一条小路沿着外城墙的遗迹延伸——这些遗迹实际上是 Dinh 朝纳入其防御工事的石灰岩悬崖面。这条 2 km 的环形步道将带你穿过宁静的农田,头顶是高耸的喀斯特山峰。这里没有游客,只有水牛和稻田。

    乘船游览 Sao Khe River

    从寺庙群附近出发的短途乘船游览将带你穿过喀斯特山峰之间的水道。它比 Tam Coc 的游船更安静、更短——大约 45 分钟,每人 50,000 VND。如果你打算在同一天游览 Tam Coc,这个项目并非必选项,但它是一个宁静的替代方案。

    参观 Bai Dinh 寺(可选)

    Bai Dinh 距离 Hoa Lu 15 km,是东南亚最大的寺庙群。它规模宏大、设施现代,甚至有些夸张,山坡上排列着500尊石头罗汉像。如果你有一整天的时间,这里值得一去;如果时间紧迫,可以跳过。

    附近餐饮推荐

    Ninh Binh 的招牌菜是“com chay”——锅巴。薄薄的米饼被烤至酥脆,然后淋上带有甜咸酱汁的爆炒羊肉或猪肉。听起来很简单,但口感的反差让人上瘾。你可以在 Hoa Lu 和 Tam Coc 之间公路旁的任何小餐馆尝试这道菜——寻找写着“Cơm Cháy Dê Núi”(山羊肉配锅巴)的招牌。预计每份 80,000–120,000 VND。

    羊肉通常是当地的特色美食。放养在喀斯特山坡上的山羊,可以烤着吃、做火锅,或者和香茅一起爆炒。Trang An 路上的餐馆扎堆,大多数味道都不错。一份两人份的丰盛羊肉火锅大约需要 250,000–350,000 VND。

    住宿推荐

    • 经济型:Tam Coc 村(距离 Hoa Lu 5 km)的民宿,200,000–400,000 VND/night。设施简单但很干净,主人通常可以帮忙安排自行车或摩托车租赁。
    • 中档型:Trang An 路沿线或 Ninh Binh 市区的酒店,500,000–900,000 VND/night。Tam Coc Garden 或 Mua Cave Ecolodge 是非常不错的选择,可以欣赏到稻田美景。
    • 奢华型:市区的 Ninh Binh Hidden Charm Hotel,大约 1,500,000 VND/night。配有游泳池,早餐丰盛,如果你更喜欢正规的酒店,这里是个很好的大本营。

    室内点燃香火的手部特写,营造出越南 Hanoi 的精神氛围。

    照片由 Hồng Quang Official 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    当地人会告诉你的实用建议

    • 去寺庙记得带香。你可以在入口处花 10,000 VND 买一捆。上香是一种传统习俗,而不仅仅是游客的体验活动。
    • 穿容易穿脱的鞋子——因为你进入寺庙大殿时需要多次脱鞋。
    • Hoa Lu 售票处的门票价格为 20,000 VND。请保留好门票;两座寺庙都会查票。
    • 早上 9:00 之前是最佳游览时间。来自 Hanoi 的旅游大巴通常在 9:30–10:00 左右抵达,届时庭院很快就会挤满人。

    避免常见的错误

    • 把 Hoa Lu 当作20分钟的打卡点:大多数从 Hanoi 出发的一日游几乎只给你勉强走完一座寺庙的时间。如果你是自由行,请至少预留 1.5–2 hours。
    • 跳过 Le Dai Hanh 庙:一半的游客在参观完第一座寺庙后就掉头回去了。第二座寺庙更安静,雕刻也更精美。
    • 没有自备交通工具:在 Ninh Binh 市区之外,Grab 的可用性并不可靠。建议租一辆摩托车,或者通过酒店安排司机。
    • 只游览 Hoa Lu:将这里作为 Ninh Binh 一日游的一部分才最合理——把它与 Tam Coc 或 Trang An 以及 Hang Mua 结合起来,形成一个完整的环线。

    实用须知

    在 Ninh Binh 的一日游中,Hoa Lu 最适合作为早上的第一站,下午再搭配游览 Tam Coc。在 Tam Coc 地区住上两晚,能让你有充足的时间从容地游览所有景点。这个遗址虽然紧凑,但其历史背景和环境氛围绝对值得你驻足流连。