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越南食物过敏翻译卡:花生、味精、甲壳类海鲜 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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越南食物过敏翻译卡:花生、味精、甲壳类海鲜

针对越南最常见的三种食物过敏的可打印越南语短语,外加交叉污染警告和紧急医疗用语。

By the Wayfarer teamApr 24, 20265 min read
A chef working near a traditional oven in a Vietnamese restaurant kitchen in Dalat.
↑ A chef working near a traditional oven in a Vietnamese restaurant kitchen in Dalat.Photo by Theodore Nguyen on Pexels
Tags
#allergies#translation#food safety#peanut allergy#msg#shellfish allergy#vietnamese phrases#emergency
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    如果您有食物过敏,去越南(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)旅行需要做好准备。街头摊贩、家庭经营的餐厅,甚至高档酒店有时都不会主动询问过敏情况——他们会默认您自己提出来。本指南为您提供了准确的越南语短语,您可以将其打印出来、在手机上出示或写下来。

    三大常见过敏原:花生、味精、甲壳类海鲜

    游客中的大多数过敏反应都是由这三种食物引起的。越南菜非常依赖这三种成分,它们通常隐藏在酱汁、高汤和调味品中。

    花生过敏

    越南语短语: "Toi di ung lac. Khong duoc co lac hoac dau phong."

    中文翻译: “我对花生过敏。我不能吃花生或落花生。”

    为什么重要: 花生会出现在“nuoc cham”(蘸酱)、沙爹、Banh Mi(越式法棍三明治)、春卷和无数的炒菜中。甚至Com Tam(碎米饭)有时也会在最后撒上烤花生。如果您点了一道自认为安全的菜,摊贩可能会在最后一秒加入花生酱作为点缀。

    更安全的点餐短语:

    • "Co the lam mon nay khong co lac khong?"(这道菜可以不放花生吗?)
    • "Khong nuoc cham co lac."(不要花生蘸酱。)

    味精过敏或敏感

    越南语短语: "Toi khong an bot ngot. Khong dung bot ngot trong mon nay."

    中文翻译: “我不吃味精。这道菜里不要放味精。”

    为什么重要: “Bot ngot”(味精)在越南烹饪中无处不在,尤其是在街头摊位和休闲餐厅。它被添加到汤、Pho(越南河粉)、炒菜甚至一些沙拉中。大多数摊贩不会单独列出它;这只是他们日常调味的一部分。

    重要提示: 在医学意义上,味精敏感并非真正的过敏,但这个短语在点餐时仍然有效。有些餐厅会尊重您的要求;而有些则可能不会当回事。请务必明确表达。

    更安全的点餐短语:

    • "Khong dung duong vi nhan tao."(不要使用人工增味剂。)
    • "Chi dung muoi va da nau."(只用盐和烹饪香料。)

    甲壳类海鲜过敏

    越南语短语: "Toi di ung tom va cua. Khong duoc co tom, cua, hay hai san trong mon nay."

    中文翻译: “我对虾和螃蟹过敏。这道菜里不能有虾、螃蟹或海鲜。”

    为什么重要: 虾酱("mam tom")是许多酱汁和高汤的基础原料。螃蟹会出现在汤类(如“Bun Rieu (분지에우 / 蟹肉米粉汤 / ブンリュウ)”)、炒菜和“Banh Canh”(越南粗面)中。即使是“素食”菜肴,也可能是用虾高汤熬制,或者含有隐藏的虾酱。

    更安全的点餐短语:

    • "Duong hai san gi trong mon nay?"(这道菜里有什么海鲜?)
    • "Khong mam tom."(不要虾酱。)
    • "Duoc co lua chon mon chay co hai san khong?"(有不含海鲜高汤的素食选择吗?)

    交叉污染:更大的风险

    在街头摊位和繁忙的餐厅,交叉污染很常见。摊贩可能会在多道菜中使用同一块案板、同一种油或同一套厨具,而在处理不同订单之间不进行清洗。如果您有严重的过敏,这是一个切实需要关注的问题。

    询问备菜情况的短语: "Mon nay duoc chuan bi tren cai khong hay tren may cai khac?"

    中文翻译: “这道菜是在同一个案板上准备的,还是在分开的案板上准备的?”

    对于严重的过敏患者,请尽量选择可以看到备菜过程的餐厅(开放式厨房),或者点一些简单的、成分单一的食物(烤肉、米饭、新鲜水果)。

    一片绿色的田野,上面有一个中文标志警告使用农药。

    照片由 JUNLIN ZOU 提供,来自 Pexels

    阅读菜单和标签

    如果您购买包装食品:

    • 寻找 "lac"(花生)。
    • 寻找 "tom"(虾)、"cua"(螃蟹),或统称的 "hai san"(海鲜)。
    • 味精可能显示为 "bot ngot"、"duong vi nhan tao"(人工香料),或者根本没有列出。

    便利店出售的大多数包装产品都有越南语(有时也有英语)的成分表。您可以询问当地人,或者使用手机摄像头进行翻译。

    医疗用语:如果发生过敏反应

    请保存这些短语以备不时之需。将它们保存在手机上或打印在卡片上随身携带。

    我正在发生过敏反应: "Toi dang bi di ung. Toi can gap bac si."

    我需要去医院: "Toi can di benh vien. Day la cap cuuu."

    叫救护车: "Hay goi xe cap cuuu."

    我有肾上腺素注射笔: "Toi co mot cai ban tiem adrenalin. Toi can tiem ngay."

    如果您随身携带 EpiPen(肾上腺素自动注射器),请用越南语清楚地标明,以便医务人员知道它是什么。建议佩戴一条医疗警报手环(可在旅行前在网上购买),上面用越南语写明您的过敏原。

    在 Hanoi 的街头摊贩用不锈钢锅准备传统的越南面条。

    照片由 Nimit N 提供,来自 Pexels

    出行前准备

    1. 截图或打印这些短语。 将它们保存在手机里,并在钱包中放一份纸质复印件。
    2. 学会大声说出你的过敏原。 摊贩对口头表达的反应比对书面卡片更好,尤其是在农村地区。
    3. 找到离你最近的医院或诊所。 在抵达前调查好地址和电话号码,并保存在手机中。
    4. 告知您的酒店/青旅。 抵达时告诉工作人员您的过敏情况。他们可以推荐安全的餐厅,并帮助您在当地摊位进行翻译。
    5. 考虑佩戴医疗警报手环。 如果您需要紧急护理,出示它只需要几秒钟。

    实用提示

    越南人在了解饮食限制后通常都很乐于助人。语言障碍是主要的阻碍。将短语写下来——或者用清晰的字体保存在手机上——会带来巨大的帮助。话虽如此,对于严重的过敏患者,在知名的国际连锁店或高端酒店就餐可能会提供最大的安心感,即使食物可能没那么令人难忘。您的安全永远是第一位的。

    常见问题解答

    如果我对花生过敏,我应该出示什么越南语短语?

    "Toi di ung lac. Khong duoc co lac hoac dau phong" 意思是“我对花生过敏。我不能吃花生或落花生。”在点餐前出示或打印这个短语。花生会出现在 nuoc cham 蘸酱、Banh Mi(越式法棍三明治)、春卷、炒菜和 Com Tam(碎米饭)中——有时摊贩会在最后一秒将其作为点缀加入。

    如果我对甲壳类海鲜过敏,我该如何避免吃到虾酱?

    点餐时使用短语 "Khong mam tom"(不要虾酱)。虾酱是许多酱汁和高汤的基础原料,甚至会出现在没有标明海鲜的菜肴中。螃蟹会出现在 Bun Rieu 汤和 Banh Canh 面食中。在点任何不熟悉的食物之前,请询问 "Duong hai san gi trong mon nay?"(这道菜里有什么海鲜?)。

    在越南的街头摊位,交叉污染的风险严重吗?

    是的。在街头摊位和繁忙的餐厅,摊贩通常会在多道菜中使用同一块案板、同一种油或同一套厨具,而在处理不同订单之间不进行清洗。对于严重的过敏患者,请选择可以看到备菜过程的开放式厨房餐厅,或者点一些简单的单一成分食物,如烤肉、米饭或新鲜水果。可以询问 "Mon nay duoc chuan bi tren cai khong hay tren may cai khac?" 来了解是否共用案板。