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华闾古都:越南首个王朝与从宁平出发的游览指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · north · ninh-binh

华闾古都:越南首个王朝与从宁平出发的游览指南

华闾是越南十世纪第一个独立王朝的都城。两座保存至今的古庙,串联起一段穿越稻田的悠然骑行,就在Ninh Binh城外。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 15, 20265 min read
A woman wearing a traditional Vietnamese dress stands in a serene temple garden holding flowers.
↑ A woman wearing a traditional Vietnamese dress stands in a serene temple garden holding flowers.Photo by TBD Tuyên on Pexels
Tags
#ninh binh#hoa lu#history#ancient capital#temples#bike tours#day trip
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Last updated · May 19, 2026 · independently researched, never sponsored.

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    稻田之间,越南第一座都城

    华闾(Hoa Lu)于公元968年至1010年间是越南的政治中心,丁朝与前黎朝在此统治北方Ninh Binh省的这片山谷。地名本身意为"设防围城"。如今,原有城廓大多已荡然无存——风蚀、战火与行政变迁只留下两处庙宇建筑群——但遗址坐落于全国最如画的风景之中:石灰岩山峰从水田间拔地而起,水牛在田间涉水而行,两座古庙则构成一条安排得当的骑行环线,从Ninh Binh城出发当天往返毫无压力。

    两座古庙:丁庙与黎庙

    丁庙

    丁庙供奉丁部领皇帝(Emperor Dinh Bo Linh)。他于968年统一了四分五裂的越南,定都Hoa Lu。入口朴实无华——一个小小的售票亭和一条碎石小路——但庙宇建筑群本身建于高台之上,俯瞰片片稻田。庙内,雕花木屏与朱红漆柱簇拥着供奉丁部领的神坛。通往庙内的台阶又陡又窄,殿内凉意袭人,香烟缭绕,与外面明亮的田野形成鲜明对比。

    丁朝仅延续了12年便随皇帝驾崩而终,但这短暂的统治为此后历代越南王朝奠定了根基。丁庙终年香客不断,春节前后尤为热闹。

    黎庙

    黎庙供奉黎大行皇帝(Emperor Le Dai Hanh,980—1005年在位),距丁庙约500米,隔田相望。黎朝历时更长、更为稳定,庙宇规模也相应更大,设有前院、主殿与偏殿。建筑风格相近——朱柱、雕屏、石台——但黎庙游人更少。周围的景致尤为迷人:石灰岩山峰将通道框入画中,两庙之间的步行路段是整段旅程中最为幽静的部分。

    门票与实用信息

    两座庙宇统一收取入场费,外国游客50,000越南盾(约合2美元),在丁庙附近的售票亭购票,一票两庙通用。无参观时限,可随意流连。景区每日开放时间大约为上午8时至下午5时。请自带饮用水——离开主干道后便无任何小吃摊点。

    售票亭旁设有停车区(自行车免费,汽车收少量停车费)。入口附近有几家简单的餐馆,供应Pho和米饭,可在游览前后用餐。

    越南Ninh Binh省Tam Coc郁郁葱葱的绿色田野与蜿蜒河流鸟瞰图。

    摄影:Hugo Guillemard,来源:Pexels

    如何从Ninh Binh城骑行前往

    Hoa Lu距Ninh Binh城中心约12公里。最简便的方式是租辆自行车(城内大多数旅馆每日租金50,000—100,000越南盾),沿1号公路向南骑行,然后在标有Hoa Lu方向的路口左转。转弯后沿途有英文路牌指引。骑行约需30至45分钟,视速度和沿途停留而定。全程平坦,公路段车辆适中,转入小路后便十分清静。

    如果不想自行导航,可参加当地的骑行导览团——城内多家旅行社(如Ninh Binh Guide、Cycle Vietnam)提供半日或全日Hoa Lu行程,包含两座庙宇,通常附带一顿餐食。人均费用约300,000—500,000越南盾(12—20美元)。

    Hoa Lu与Tam Coc或Trang An的联游方案

    大多数游客不会只游Hoa Lu。该景点最适合作为较长行程的一部分。Tam Coc被称为"陆上下龙湾",是最受欢迎的搭配选项:乘船穿越三座溶洞与水田,位置在Hoa Lu以南约9公里处。典型的一日行程如下:上午骑车前往Hoa Lu,游览两座庙宇(约1—2小时),再骑车或乘摩托车出租前往Tam Coc,进行2—3小时的船游,傍晚前返回Ninh Binh。

    Trang An是Ninh Binh附近另一处规模更大的岩溶地貌景区,位于Hoa Lu以西约15公里。船游时间较长(3—4小时),但比Tam Coc游人少。有些游客会将Trang An与Hoa Lu并入同一天游览,但需早早出发,并放弃午饭时间。

    节奏不紧张的话,每天只选一个船游景点即可。Hoa Lu与两者皆可搭配——它是上午或下午水上游览前一段从容、适宜步行的序章。

    鸟瞰图:传统庙宇掩映于郁郁葱葱的绿植之中,尽显宁静与文化底蕴。

    摄影:HONG SON,来源:Pexels

    最佳游览时段与最佳季节

    建议上午(8—11时)游览Hoa Lu,趁正午酷热来袭之前。此时庙内游人较少,光线柔和,适合拍照,若计划骑行继续前往下一站,也能赶在一天中最热的时段前完成游览。正午过后,旅游团陆续抵达,周围景色也因热浪而变得模糊。

    季节同样重要。九月至十一月(秋季)天气干燥,岩溶山峰轮廓清晰,气温舒适。十二月至二月(冬季)凉爽少雨,但时有薄雾——景致别有韵味,但远景能见度较低。四月至八月炎热潮湿,雨水频繁,部分田间小路和步道可能因积水受阻,但庙宇本身仍可正常进入。请避开越南法定节假日与春节(一月下旬至二月上旬)期间出行,除非你不介意人潮拥挤与上涨的价格。

    关于氛围的一点感受

    Hoa Lu比Tam Coc清静,也没有越南某些文化遗址那种"旅游陷阱"式的商业气息。庙宇在正午以外的时段真正令人心静。两座神祠从农耕河谷中升起,让人真实地感受到丁、黎两朝何以选此为都。庙内没有商业化的痕迹,没有纪念品摊位。骑车而来的一路上,水牛和当地农民点缀其间,奠定了整段旅程的宁静基调。

    实用贴士

    请穿防滑的舒适步行鞋(雨后庙宇台阶和小路可能湿滑)。备好防晒霜和饮用水。夏季雨季或强降雨过后前往,请事先了解当地路况——洪水可能导致部分进山道路暂时无法通行,但庙宇本身不受影响。Ninh Binh城内大多数旅馆可提供景区的实时路况信息。