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Banh Cuon:越南纸薄蒸米卷,各地风味大不同 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · north · hanoi

Banh Cuon:越南纸薄蒸米卷,各地风味大不同

从Thanh Tri剔透如纸的米皮,到Lang Son蛋黄爆浆的惊喜,banh cuon在越南各地呈现出截然不同的面貌。本文带你追寻各地风味,一探究竟。

By the Wayfarer teamApr 1, 20265 min read
Banh cuon
↑ Banh cuonImage via Wikipedia (Banh cuon, CC BY-SA)
Tags
#banh cuon#steamed rice rolls#breakfast#hanoi#hai phong#lang son#cao bang#hai duong#regional cuisine#street food
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    Banh Cuon 是什么?

    Banh cuon 是一种蒸制的米浆薄皮,薄到几乎透明,通常包裹猪肉末、木耳和葱头。食用时搭配 nuoc cham(酸甜鱼露)、酥脆炸葱头,以及几片 cha lua(越式猪肉香肠)。北方的蘸汁较清淡,馅料以木耳为主;南方版本食材更丰富,nuoc cham 也更浓郁、色泽更深。

    这道菜至少可以追溯到13世纪。史学家黎崱在《安南志略》中记载,banh cuon 曾被作为寒食节的礼物相互馈赠。1291年,陈仁宗国王在一首诗中提到"春菜饼"("banh xuan thai"),《指南玉音解义》确认这正是 banh cuon 的另一种叫法。陈朝时期——甚至可能更早的李朝——人们在节日期间食用并互赠 banh cuon,直到后来 banh troi 取而代之成为节令食品。

    如今,banh cuon 是早餐或上午的小食,清淡不腻,在路边摊坐下来,十分钟便能吃完。

    Cao Bang:猪肉末 + 骨汤

    在 Cao Bang,馅料是炒至干香的猪肉细末。上桌时盛在碗里,配上猪骨汤、一截手指长的 gio lua,有时还会加一颗鸡蛋。汤头是整道菜的灵魂——清澈、清淡,文火慢炖数小时而成。几乎不放香草,只有纯粹的猪肉香气,搭配顺滑柔软的米皮。

    Lang Son:咬破蛋黄,鲜味在口中炸开

    Lang Son 的版本将整颗鸡蛋和手撕卤猪肉包入米皮。鸡蛋蒸至恰到好处,蛋黄外裹着一层薄薄的膜,一口咬下,蛋黄便破开,与热气腾腾、香气四溢的猪肉融为一体。汤头——同样是猪骨汤,加入葱、香菜、胡椒、辣椒、竹笋调味——直接浇在米卷上,无需另行蘸取。许多摊主会用卤肉的汤汁代替骨汤,风味更浓郁、色泽更深。

    吃的时候要小心,力道太大,蛋黄就会喷出来。

    Hanoi Montage

    图片来源:Cheong。原始上传者为 en.wikipedia 的 Cheong Kok Chun,经 Wikimedia Commons 授权(CC BY-SA)

    Hai Phong:骨汤蘸汁

    Hai Phong 另辟蹊径。蘸汁并非常见的 nuoc cham,而是以 Cat Hai 鱼露调味的猪骨汤。米浆传统上使用 Moc Tuyen 米磨制,赋予米皮比其他品种更浓郁的米香和更有嚼劲的口感。搭配两种香肠:cha que(肉桂猪肉肠)和 cha vien(猪肉丸)。骨汤蘸汁香气宜人,带有淡淡的鲜甜,透着沿海风味的鲜味层次。没有酸味,也没有漂浮的辣油——只有温润、咸鲜的醇厚底味。

    Hanoi:经典正宗

    Hanoi 的 banh cuon 使用湿磨米浆制作。馅料是猪肉末、木耳和香菇,炒至干香。蒸好后,制作者用竹签将每张卷好的米皮分成四段,摆入碟中,撒上虾松(ruoc tom)。点缀几枝薄荷或香菜,搭配一碗漂着切片 cha lua 和酥脆炸葱头的 nuoc cham 蘸食。

    这是大多数人提到 banh cuon 时所想到的版本。

    Thanh Tri:薄如蝉翼,无馅

    Thanh Tri 的 banh cuon 来自 Vinh Hung 坊 Thanh Dam 村,是最为精致的一种。采用 Gie Canh 和 Tam Thom 米制作,米皮蒸得极薄,薄到透明。没有馅料。摊贩将米皮叠放在铺有荷叶或芭蕉叶的竹篮里,顶在头上穿行于老城区。点单后,摊贩小心翼翼地一层层剥开,以免撕破,用剪刀将叠好的米皮从中间剪开,再将一半叠在另一半上,让层次清晰可见。顶部铺上金黄的炸葱头。蘸汁因摊而异,可以自行加入 cha que、gio lua、炸豆腐和香菜。

    如果你在 Hanoi,早上八点前去找 Thanh Tri 的挑担摊贩——那时米皮还温热柔软。

    Hanoi Vietnam The-omnipresent-plastic-chairs-01

    图片来源:CEphoto,Uwe Aranas,经 Wikimedia Commons 授权(CC BY-SA)

    Me So(Phu Thi):预制成卷,可用手抓食

    Me So 的 banh cuon 来自 Hung Yen 省 Phu Thi 村,馅料为瘦猪肉,以鱼露、味精、香菇、木耳和胡椒翻炒而成。米皮可以叠放,稍后再卷——与大多数现做现卷的版本不同。馅料铺在米皮一端,整张卷起。可以用手抓着吃,也可以切段用叉子食用。

    比 Thanh Tri 少了几分讲究,却更加便于携带。

    Hai Duong:猪油 + Cha Que

    在 Hai Duong,尤其是 Han Giang 和 Bac Son 一带,米皮上会淋上用五花肉熬制的猪油——不用板油,也不用食用油——以及炸葱头。米皮叠放在铺了芭蕉叶的竹篮里保温。食用时用手逐层剥开,切成小块,蘸取清澈金黄的鱼露,鱼露中加有辣椒、粗磨黑胡椒、醋和金桔汁。搭配斜切成薄菱形的 cha que,外皮有嚼劲,内里酥脆、甜香带坚果香气。

    有馅的 banh cuon 搭配 cha que;无馅的 banh cuon("banh cuon chay")则只配炸葱头。

    从哪里开始

    如果你在 Hanoi,就从老城区挑担摊贩的 Thanh Tri banh cuon 开始。然后去 Ho Guom 附近的摊位,试试撒有虾松(ruoc tom)的有馅版本。如果在 Hai Phong,找一家用骨汤做蘸汁、供应 cha que 的店。在 Lang Son,点蛋黄版,记得小心咬。

    各地的版本各有特色,吃遍一圈,绝不会觉得重复。