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北宁 Chua Bo Da:探访越南最古老禅院的旅行指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · north · bac-ninh

北宁 Chua Bo Da:探访越南最古老禅院的旅行指南

Chua Bo Da 是一座位于 Hanoi 以北、拥有700年历史的禅院,这里有古老的佛塔园、珍稀的木刻版画,且几乎没有游客。以下是参观指南。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 17, 20266 min read
Explore the exquisite Buu Long Pagoda with its intricate architecture surrounded by vibrant gardens in Vietnam.
↑ Explore the exquisite Buu Long Pagoda with its intricate architecture surrounded by vibrant gardens in Vietnam.Photo by Phuongduy Le on Pexels
Tags
#chua bo da#bac ninh#north#destinations#pagodas#buddhism#day trip from hanoi
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    Chua Bo Da 坐落于 Bac Ninh 省 Tien Son 区 Bo Da 山的缓坡上——位于 Hanoi 东北约 50 km 处。它是越南北部最古老的 Truc Lam 禅宗寺庙之一,置身其中,你能真切感受到那份历史的厚重。寺庙建筑群错落有致地分布在古榕树荫蔽的阶地之上,这里没有商业化寺庙常见的霓虹灯或高音喇叭诵经声。如果你想一睹未经 Instagram 滤镜粉饰的纯粹越南佛教建筑,这里绝对值得你花上半天时间来游览。

    景点简介

    Chua Bo Da(全称:Bo Da Pagoda,或 Tu Phuc Tu)最早可追溯至11世纪,不过你今天看到的大部分建筑都是在 Le 朝和 Nguyen 朝(大约17至19世纪)重建的。这座寺庙属于 Truc Lam 禅宗,这是在 Tran 朝时期创立的一个极具越南本土特色的禅宗分支。

    整个建筑群占地约 50,000 平方米,包括主殿、泥墙砌成的僧侣生活区,以及——最吸引人的——一个名为“vuon thap”(佛塔园)的区域。园内矗立着 100 多座石制和砖制佛塔,安放着几个世纪以来在这里生活和修行的僧侣的遗骨。2016年,它被认定为越南国家级特别文物。

    寺内还保存着近 2,000 块刻有佛教经文的木刻版,其中一些可追溯至18世纪。它们是越南现存最古老的木版印刷珍品之一。

    为什么值得一游

    Chua Bo Da 并不是常规旅游路线上的热门景点,而这正是它的魅力所在。大门外没有旅游大巴,也没有纪念品摊位。这座寺庙至今仍是信众朝拜的圣地,有僧侣在此常住,氛围宁静祥和。

    有三个特点让它在 Hanoi (하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ) 附近的众多寺庙中脱颖而出:

    • 佛塔园。 一百多座饱经风霜的佛塔簇拥在古树下。这是越南现存规模最大的佛塔群之一,清晨沐浴着微光漫步其中,那种体验定会让你难以忘怀。
    • 土木建筑。 与 Hanoi 附近那些普遍经过混凝土和瓷砖翻新的寺庙不同,Chua Bo Da 保留了泥墙、红土台基和粘土瓦顶。尤其是僧侣的起居室,看起来和200年前几乎一模一样。
    • 邻近 Bac Ninh 的“Quan Ho”民歌村。 Bac Ninh 省是“Quan Ho”(官贺)的发源地——这是一种被联合国教科文组织认可的越南民间男女对唱艺术。你可以将寺庙之行与探访仍在传唱这种民歌的村落结合起来,特别是在节日期间。

    最佳游览时间

    Chua Bo Da 全年开放,但有两个时间段最为推荐:

    • 1月下旬至3月 —— 这一时期涵盖了 Tet 期间的 [农历新年](/posts/tet (뗏 (베트남 설날) / 越南春节 / テト (ベトナム旧正月))-lunar-new-year-guide) 和春节庆典。寺庙会在农历正月十六至十八举办一年一度的盛大庙会。在这几天里,你可以看到各种仪式、诵经,有时还能欣赏到 Quan Ho 演唱。虽然游客较多,但这也是这里最具生机的时候。
    • 9月至11月 —— 天气凉爽干燥,游客较少。在柔和的秋日阳光下,佛塔园非常适合拍照。如果你渴望宁静,这是更好的游览时机。

    尽量避开7月和8月——天气闷热难耐,且午后雷阵雨频繁。

    日落时分越南 Tây Ninh Cao Dai Temple 的迷人景色,展现了其独特的建筑风格。

    照片由 Thịnh La 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    如何从 Hanoi 前往

    Chua Bo Da 位于 Tien Son 区(原属 Bac Giang 省,2025年合并后划归扩建后的 Bac Ninh 省)。从 Hanoi 市中心出发,你有以下几种选择:

    • 摩托车或汽车: 沿 1A 国道向 Bac Ninh 市方向行驶约 50 km,然后向北驶入省道前往 Bo Da 山。视交通情况而定,大约需要 1-1.5 小时。如果你在 Hanoi 租了摩托车,这是一趟轻松的单日行程。
    • 公交车: 从 My Dinh 或 Gia Lam 车站乘坐 203 路公交车前往 Bac Ninh 市(票价约 25,000-30,000 VND,车程 1.5 小时)。从 Bac Ninh 汽车站,搭乘当地出租车或摩托车(xe om)前往 Chua Bo Da——向北约 15 km,出租车费用约 80,000-120,000 VND。
    • 从 Hanoi 乘坐 Grab: 单程预计花费 350,000-500,000 VND。虽然不是最便宜的选择,但如果有人拼车,这是最省心的方式。

    游玩亮点

    漫步佛塔园

    这是整个寺庙的核心。佛塔形态各异,既有布满青苔的小砖塔,也有做工考究的多层塔。每一座都安放着前代僧侣的遗骨或舍利。建议在这里至少停留 30 分钟——虽然面积不大,但细细品味定会让你觉得不虚此行。

    参观木刻版画收藏

    你可以向僧侣或管理员询问木刻版画储藏室是否开放。这些雕版存放在木架上,有时你可以近距离观赏。上面刻有汉-Nom(喃字)书写的佛经和佛教文献。虽然不一定总能进去参观,但绝对值得一问。

    探索僧侣起居室

    僧侣的起居室由夯土和红土建造,走廊狭窄,房间小巧。它能让你真切感受到在现代建筑普及之前,越南北部僧侣的真实生活状态。请保持尊重——这里仍有僧侣居住。

    攀登 Bo Da 山

    寺庙后方有一条通往山顶的小路。攀登过程很短(大约 15 分钟),俯瞰周围稻田和荔枝园的景色非常值得。虽然谈不上壮丽,但令人心旷神怡。

    欣赏 Quan Ho 表演(季节性)

    在节日期间,Quan Ho 歌手有时会在寺庙附近或周边村庄表演。如果你是在农历正月的春节期间来访,可以向当地人打听一下演出时间表。

    附近美食推荐

    Tien Son 区并不是一个美食胜地,但你绝对不会饿肚子:

    • Tien Son 的“Banh cuon” —— Bac Ninh 省制作的“banh cuon”(越南肠粉)非常美味,比 Hanoi 的版本更薄、更精致。你可以在 Tien Son 镇主干道附近的小店里找到。一盘大约 25,000-35,000 VND。
    • Nem Bui(香草猪肉卷) —— Bac Ninh 的地方特产。将猪肉碎与烤米粉和香草混合,用无花果叶包裹。你可以在当地的 com binh dan(平民快餐)店找到它。一份大约 40,000-60,000 VND。

    如果想吃顿正餐,向南 15 km 的 Bac Ninh 市有更多餐厅可供选择。

    阳光明媚的日子里,越南 Da Lat 被葱郁绿植环绕的 Truc Lam 禅院大门。

    照片由 Serg Alesenko 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    住宿推荐

    大多数游客都是从 Hanoi 出发前往 Chua Bo Da 进行一日游。如果你想过夜:

    • Bac Ninh 市酒店: 经济型客栈每晚 250,000-400,000 VND。带空调和早餐的中档酒店大约 500,000-800,000 VND。
    • Tien Son 附近的民宿 比较少见,但开始在 Booking.com 上出现。除了干净的房间和风扇外,不要抱有太高期望。

    实用提示

    • 穿着得体。 这是一座仍在使用的寺庙。请遮住肩膀和膝盖。你会在入口处看到相关提示牌。
    • 携带现金。 寺庙内没有自动取款机,也不支持刷卡支付。通常会在主祭坛进行小额捐赠(20,000-50,000 VND)。
    • 尽早抵达。 尽量在上午 9 点前到达。此时寺内更加宁静,佛塔园的光线也更好。
    • 脱鞋。 进入任何主殿前请脱鞋。穿一双容易穿脱的凉鞋会方便很多。

    常见避坑指南

    • 走马观花。 有些人开车过来,在门口拍张照就走了。佛塔园和土木起居室都在主殿后面——你需要往建筑群深处走。
    • 只参观寺庙。 如果你已经到了 Bac Ninh 省,不妨顺道去一趟 Dong Ho 村(以传统木版民间年画 Dong Ho Painting 闻名)或 Quan Ho 村。这会让你的行程更加充实。
    • 指望有英文指示牌。 这里几乎没有英文标识。准备一本基础的越南语短语手册或翻译软件会很有帮助。僧侣们很友好,但很少说英语。