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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · central · hoi-an

Hoanh Thanh:越南云吞的历史、种类及点餐指南

越南云吞(hoanh thanh)源自中国商人的饮食传统,但在会安、堤岸等地发展出了独特的风味。以下是你需要了解的一切。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Delicious Asian dishes including stir fry, crispy wontons, and pineapple fried rice presented elegantly.
↑ Delicious Asian dishes including stir fry, crispy wontons, and pineapple fried rice presented elegantly.Photo by Liuuu _61 on Pexels
Tags
#hoanh thanh#deep dive#guide#food#wontons#hoi an#cho lon#chinese vietnamese#street food#noodle soup
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    在越南,很少有菜肴像“hoanh thanh”这样承载着如此深厚的历史底蕴。这个名字是粤语“云吞”的越南语音译,其词源几乎揭示了这道菜的起源,也解释了为什么在不同城市品尝时,其风味会有所差异。

    中国商人的渊源

    Hoanh thanh 随着16世纪起沿贸易港口定居的福建和广东商人传入越南。有两个群体对这段历史至关重要:在会安(Hoi An)作为区域贸易中心鼎盛时期将其作为基地的福建商人,以及最终聚集在西贡(Saigon)堤岸(Cho Lon)地区的广东、潮州和客家群体。

    在两地,云吞都是一种实用的食物——用薄小麦面皮包裹猪肉和虾仁,制作成本低、烹饪速度快、易于售卖。经过几代人的演变,越南厨师吸收了制作工艺并开始改良:清淡的汤底、当地香草、不同的蘸酱,以及后来在华南地区并不常见的油炸版本。

    这道菜从未像“pho”或“banh mi”那样成为全国性的主食,但它在这些商人社区定居的城市里扎下了深根。如今,hoanh thanh 本质上是一道具有两种不同生命力的区域性菜肴——一种在会安,一种在西贡,中间还穿插着一些有趣的变体。

    会安版本:油炸、配料、标志性

    如果你去过会安(Hoi An),你可能见过这种油炸版本,却不知道它的名字。会安的“Hoanh thanh chien”(炸云吞)是小巧的开口式点心——馅料在油炸前部分露出,使边缘变得酥脆如蕾丝花边,而中心保持柔软。它们通常会在上面铺上一勺炒猪肉、虾仁或两者兼有,最后撒上葱油、一把新鲜香草,并抹上一层番茄基底的酱汁。

    这本质上是街头小吃。你可以在 Cam Nam 大桥附近或陈富街(Tran Phu Street)的小摊位找到它,一盘六到八个的价格约为 30,000–50,000 VND。口感的对比——酥脆的外皮、鲜嫩的馅料、顶部的香草——正是其精髓所在。点上一杯冰镇的“ca phe sua da”,这就是一个完美的会安午后。

    会安也提供汤制的 hoanh thanh(“hoanh thanh nuoc”),云吞漂浮在清澈的猪骨汤中,配以细鸡蛋面、叉烧片和一把豆芽。这个版本更接近中国原版,更多作为早餐而非午后零食食用。

    西贡/堤岸版本:汤头为王

    在西贡的堤岸(Cho Lon)地区——这里依然是东南亚最大的唐人街——hoanh thanh 几乎总是以汤的形式供应。汤通常与“hu tieu”(粿条)或细鸡蛋面搭配,云吞本身往往比会安版本的个头更大,馅料中虾与猪肉的比例更高。汤底比越南北部的猪骨汤更甜、更复杂——通常用干鱿鱼和猪骨熬制数小时。

    堤岸版本的这道菜属于更广泛的“hu tieu”系列,hu tieu、mi hoanh thanh(云吞面)和混合点餐之间的界限往往很模糊。如果不确定,直接点“mi hoanh thanh”,你就会得到一碗配有云吞的鸡蛋面——这是一碗清爽、令人满足的汤面,在堤岸的大多数店铺售价为 40,000–65,000 VND。

    一碗盛在蓝边陶瓷碗中、撒有葱花的美味云吞汤特写。

    图片来源:Pexels 上的 J.D. Books

    馅料:里面究竟有什么

    在所有变体中,标准的 hoanh thanh 馅料是猪肉末和整虾或虾仁,用鱼露、白胡椒、少许芝麻油调味,有时还会加入切碎的木耳以增加口感。比例因厨师而异:会安版本往往虾仁较多,堤岸版本则更为均衡。

    面皮是薄小麦面皮,几乎总是购买现成的,而不是自制。黄色(加蛋)面皮在西贡更常见;会安的店铺有时会使用颜色较浅、稍厚一点的面皮。如果你从市场买回家自己做,寻找标有“vo hoanh thanh”的面皮——它们在大多数菜市场都有新鲜售卖,每包约 10,000–15,000 VND。

    如何点餐

    在街头摊位或小餐馆,两个关键短语是:

    • Hoanh thanh chien — 炸云吞(会安风格)
    • Mi hoanh thanh — 云吞鸡蛋面汤
    • Hoanh thanh nuoc — 清汤云吞(不带面)

    如果你想要堤岸版本,并想把鸡蛋面换成粿条,可以点 hu tieu hoanh thanh。在堤岸的店铺,点一份混合碗——一半鸡蛋面、一半粿条——是很常见的,这被视为完全正常的点餐要求。

    大多数摊位会自动提供调味品:辣椒酱、白胡椒、青柠汁,有时还有一小碟鱼露腌青辣椒。请循序渐进地添加——有些自制辣椒酱真的很辣。

    一对穿着传统亚洲服饰的夫妇在热闹的街头市场享用饺子。

    图片来源:Pexels 上的 Studio Dreamview

    在哪里品尝经典版本

    会安 — Hoanh Thanh Ngoc Huong

    位于陈富街(Tran Phu Street)的一家老店,其炸云吞做得非常地道——边缘酥脆,虾仁配料慷慨,旁边配有香草盘。每盘约 40,000 VND。午餐时间很忙,建议中午前到达。

    西贡(堤岸) — Mi Gia Hoa

    位于第五郡的周文廉街(Chau Van Liem Street),这是一家传承三代的粤式越南家庭小店,以传统方式制作云吞面——手工包制的云吞、长时间熬制的汤底、汤中带有干鱿鱼的鲜味。根据配料不同,一碗售价 55,000–70,000 VND。

    岘港 — Bach Dang 夜市摊位

    虽然不如会安出名,但值得一提:沿着 Bach Dang 河滨的几个摊位供应一种越南中部混合风味——炸 hoanh thanh 配上同样的香草和葱油酱,与“mi quang”或“banh xeo”一起作为夜市餐点的一部分食用。如果你已经在岘港,这是一个不错的对比选择。

    实用贴士

    Hoanh thanh 在越南很少作为独立的一餐——它通常是零食、早餐,或者是多道菜中的一道。预算每人 30,000–70,000 VND,具体取决于你吃的是炸云吞还是汤云吞。堤岸的店铺通常在午后就关门了;会安的街头摊位则营业到深夜。