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  3. 湄公河鱼鲜:支撑起三角洲地区的农家烹饪传统
🇨🇳 Food & Drink · south · can-tho

湄公河鱼鲜:支撑起三角洲地区的农家烹饪传统

湄公河三角洲的饮食并非源自餐厅,而是源自洪水泛滥的稻田、鱼篓,以及四种大多数游客闻所未闻的鱼类。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Savor the authentic taste of Vietnamese pho with fresh herbs, spices, and steaming broth in a cozy setting.
↑ Savor the authentic taste of Vietnamese pho with fresh herbs, spices, and steaming broth in a cozy setting.Photo by Pham Cuong on Pexels
Tags
#regional specialty#food#mekong delta#street food#seafood#local cooking
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    Lau Mam: Saigon's Funkiest Hotpot and Where the Rest of Vietnam Gets It Wrong

    湄公河三角洲(Mekong Delta)为越南大部分地区提供了食物来源,而穿梭于河道中的鱼类,与大米一样,是当地日常生活中不可或缺的核心。这不是精致餐饮,而是真正意义上的农家菜:价格亲民、应季而食,并且由世代沿袭同样烹饪方式的人们所制作。

    四种值得了解的鱼类

    Ca Linh —— 洪水季节的馈赠

    “Ca linh”(小鲤科鱼类)仅在洪水季节(大约8月至10月)出现在三角洲地区,那时湄公河水漫过平原。它们体型极小,很少长过手指,当地人将它们的到来视为一年一度的小型盛事。渔民们用网成公斤地捕捞,小贩们将它们堆在路边的塑料布上售卖,价格约为每公斤30,000–50,000 VND,家家户户都会在当天烹饪食用。

    经典的烹饪方式是 ca linh kho me:用罗望子在陶罐中焖煮,直到鱼骨变软,酱汁变得浓稠且酸甜可口。配上一碗白米饭和一盘 rau muong(空心菜),这道菜的味道精准地捕捉了当地此时此地的季节气息。错过了洪水季节,也就错过了这种鱼。

    Ca Loc —— 黑鱼

    “Ca loc”(黑鱼)是三角洲地区最主要的蛋白质来源。它生活在稻田和河道中,能长到相当大的体型,并且能耐受大多数其他鱼类无法生存的微咸水。它的肉质确实鲜美——紧实洁白,没有泥腥味,脂肪含量足以支撑炭火烧烤。

    招牌菜是 ca loc nuong trui:将整条黑鱼裹在泥土或香蕉叶中,直接在木炭或明火上烘烤,直到表皮焦黑,内部鱼肉在蒸汽中焖熟。上桌后,食客们将鱼肉剥开,用米纸包裹,加入新鲜香草、切片杨桃和青香蕉,然后蘸上 mam nem(鳀鱼发酵酱)。这种组合带来的浓郁层次感是单纯的鱼露所无法比拟的。在同塔省(Dong Thap)和安江省(An Giang)的路边摊,你都能找到这道菜,价格根据鱼的大小在80,000–150,000 VND不等。

    Basa —— 在国内被误解,在海外被出口

    “Basa”(博氏巨鲶)是越南(Vietnam)最大的水产出口品种之一,在芹苴(Can Tho)附近的湄公河前江和后江沿岸的大型浮动网箱中养殖。在国际上,它名声不佳,常被当作廉价冷冻鱼类在欧洲超市出售。但在三角洲地区,新鲜的 basa 完全是另一种美味。

    当地人常吃 ca basa kho to:在陶罐中加入焦糖鱼露、糖、辣椒和碎黑胡椒焖煮,直到汤汁收干,形成一层深色粘稠的酱汁。鱼肉保持鲜嫩,同时吸收了咸鲜味。这道菜在炉火上焖的时间越久越入味,在芹苴(Can Tho)和永隆(Vinh Long)之间的几乎每个家庭厨房里,你都能见到它的身影。

    Ca Keo —— 弹涂鱼

    “Ca keo”(弹涂鱼)是最让游客感到惊讶的鱼类,主要是因为它会“走路”。它一生中有一半时间在水外度过,利用特化的胸鳍在泥滩上跳跃。在国家最南端的金瓯半岛(Ca Mau),它被视为一道珍馐。

    最常见的烹饪方式是 nuong muoi ot:整条鱼裹上盐和辣椒,在木炭上烤制。鱼肉紧实,脊骨附近带有轻微的胶质感,并带有其微咸栖息地带来的淡淡咸味。金瓯市场的摊贩按订单现烤,每条鱼售价5,000–10,000 VND。它们体型较小,每人吃两三条,直接用手抓着吃即可。

    三角洲地区的烹饪方式

    在所有四种鱼类的烹饪中,几种技法占据了主导地位。

    Kho to(陶罐焖煮)是最常见的方式。鱼、由糖和鱼露制成的焦糖、辣椒,有时还有五花肉,放入陶罐中用小火慢炖。目的是为了收汁——形成一层浓郁、光亮的酱汁包裹住每一块鱼肉。陶罐能温和地传导热量,并赋予金属锅具无法提供的淡淡矿物质风味。

    Nuong trui(明火烘烤)适用于较大、较肥的鱼。不使用油,除了盐和有时塞入鱼腹的香茅外,不加任何腌料。焦香也是风味的一部分。

    Lau(火锅)常见于家庭聚餐和当地人光顾的河畔餐厅。酸罗望子汤底中放入鱼片、稻田草本植物、豆芽和切丝的香蕉花。在芹苴,你可以在宁桥码头(Ninh Kieu wharf)附近的午餐点找到 lau ca linh,每人价格约120,000–180,000 VND。

    三角洲地区还离不开“mam”,即各种形式的发酵鱼酱。Mam ca loc(发酵黑鱼)和 mam ca sac(发酵攀鲈)用盐腌制陈化,作为调味品、蘸酱,或作为 bun mam 的底料——这是一种带有浓郁独特风味汤底的米粉汤,初尝者可能会两极分化,但一旦爱上便会欲罢不能。

    地道的越南陶罐鱼鲜,配以香料,展现了中南半岛的烹饪传统。

    图片来源:Hồng Quang Official on Pexels

    在哪里品尝

    芹苴(Can Tho)是最容易到达的切入点。距离市中心约6公里的丐冷水上市场(Cai Rang)主要是批发交易,多为买家而非游客,但附近河道旁的餐厅从清晨起就供应新鲜的 ca loc 和 basa 菜肴。若想品尝 ca linh,请务必安排在洪水季节前往朱笃(Chau Doc)或同塔省的鸿御(Hong Ngu),那里是鱼获最丰富的地方。Ca keo 在金瓯省(Ca Mau)之外几乎很难找到,到达那里需要一定的毅力——距离芹苴沿1号公路向南约180公里。

    越南芹苴丐冷水上市场船只聚集的动态航拍图。

    图片来源:Duy Nguyen on Pexels

    实用贴士

    洪水季节(8月至10月)是 ca linh 出现的唯一时间,如果这是你的目标,请相应地制定行程。在当地餐馆,大多数此类菜肴的人均消费远低于100,000 VND。准备一两个简单的短语——三角洲小城镇的菜单很少有英文,指着邻桌正在吃的菜点餐依然是最可靠的系统。