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Mi Quang:越南中部的黄面碗 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · central · da-nang

Mi Quang:越南中部的黄面碗

粗米粉、极少的汤汁、九种新鲜香草、烤花生和芝麻脆饼。来自广南省的“Mi Quang”与“pho”截然不同——而这正是它的精髓所在。

By the Wayfarer teamMar 28, 20268 min read
Mi Quang
↑ Mi QuangImage via Wikipedia (Mi Quang, CC BY-SA)
Tags
#mi quang#noodles#central vietnam#quang nam#da nang#hoi an#street food
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    Mi Quang 的独特之处

    “Mi Quang (미꽝 / 广南面 / ミークアン)”是一道来自越南中部广南省的米粉菜肴(该地区现在包括 Da Nang)。这个名字字面意思就是“广南的面”。

    与“[pho](/posts/pho-vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)-noodle-soup-guide)”或“bun”不同,Mi Quang 几乎不放汤汁——只有刚好能裹住面条的浓郁猪骨高汤。吃起来更像是拌面沙拉,而不是汤面。面条本身是宽扁的条状(5-10mm),用栀子水和鸡蛋染成黄色。

    另一个显著特征是:面条上下堆叠着由九种新鲜香草和蔬菜组成的特定配菜。这可不是点缀——而是这道菜的骨架。

    九种香草(及其重要性)

    传统的 Mi Quang 包括:

    • 泰国罗勒
    • 新鲜生菜
    • 嫩芥菜(通常带花蕾)
    • 豆芽(焯水或生食)
    • 香菜
    • 越南香菜("rau ram")
    • 葱花
    • 芭蕉花丝
    • 有时还有紫苏或鱼腥草

    这种组合与浓郁的猪骨汤和肥美的肉类形成了鲜明的植物性口感对比。你需要把所有食材拌在一起吃——这些香草绝不是可有可无的。

    如果你在 Hanoi 吃过 pho,或者在 Hue 吃过 bun bo Hue,你就会知道越南的粉面菜肴有着极强的地域性。Mi Quang 也不例外。你在广南吃到的香草拼盘,和在 Saigon 搭配出来的绝对不一样——当地人一口就能吃出区别。

    Da Nang 越南簸箕船-01

    图片由 CEphoto, Uwe Aranas 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    肉类与汤汁

    标准的肉类配料:猪肉(五花肉片或梅花肉)、虾、鸡肉或黑鱼。有些版本还会加入煮鹌鹑蛋或鸡蛋。

    汤汁(称为“nuoc nhan”)是用猪骨熬制而成的浓缩高汤。一碗正宗的 Mi Quang 大概只有 2-3 汤匙的液体——刚好够在拌面时给面条调味。这不是汤面。如果你的碗里泡满了汤,那就不是传统的 Mi Quang。

    最棒的版本会混合多种肉类——猪肉和虾是经典的搭配。鸡肉 Mi Quang("mi quang ga")是一种口味更清淡的变体,在早餐时很受欢迎。在广南的一些乡村地区,你还会发现以黑鱼、鳝鱼甚至青蛙为浇头的版本。与纯猪肉版相比,加虾或混合肉类的碗通常要多收 5,000-10,000 VND。

    值得注意的是:由于加入了胭脂树籽油("dau dieu mau"),汤汁通常带有淡淡的橘红色。这不是辣椒——纯粹是为了上色。真正的辣味来自旁边配的新鲜辣椒片,以及一小碟广南特有的发酵鱼露("mam cai")。这种酱汁气味浓烈且偏咸,只需一点点就足够提味。

    酥脆口感:花生与芝麻脆饼

    每碗都会配有:

    • 烤花生碎
    • 烤芝麻米脆饼("banh trang me"),掰成碎块

    在吃之前,你需要把脆饼捏碎撒在面上。它们在汤汁中会稍微变软,但仍能保持足够的酥脆感以增加层次。花生则是绝对不可或缺的。

    芝麻脆饼值得单独提一下。广南的“banh trang me”比你在 Saigon (사이공 / 西贡 / サイゴン) 超市里买到的更薄、更脆。在 Da Nang 和 Hoi An 的街头摊贩那里,一袋卖 10,000-15,000 VND——它们本身就是很好的零食,如果你想带些回家,也非常方便携带。

    Da Nang 越南簸箕船-02

    图片由 CEphoto, Uwe Aranas 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    去哪里吃

    在 Da Nang 和 Hoi An,Mi Quang 随处可见。早晨的街头小摊是你最好的选择——寻找那些摆着新鲜香草拼盘、一锅黄面条,以及用小炉子温着汤汁的摊贩。

    在 Hoi An 古城,大多数餐厅供应的是迎合游客口味的版本,加了更多的汤汁(当地人会告诉你这是不正宗的)。想吃地道的,可以去 Da Nang 海洲郡(Hai Chau)的社区小摊,或者韩市场(Han Market)附近品尝。

    价格:街头小摊每碗 25,000-40,000 VND。有座位的餐厅收费在 50,000-70,000 VND 之间。

    有几个值得一去的地方:位于 Da Nang 海洲郡 Le Dinh Duong 街的 Mi Quang Ba Mua 从上世纪 90 年代就开始营业,一碗猪肉虾面大约 35,000 VND。它早上 6:00 开门,通常到下午早些时候就会售罄。在 Hoi An,避开古城的游客区,向南走约 1 公里到 Tran Cao Van 街的当地市场区,那里的摊贩卖的更接近广南原汁原味的版本。

    如果你在 Saigon,那里也有 Mi Quang 餐厅,但它们已经为了迎合南方口味进行了改良——汤汁更甜、香草不同、汤水也更多。在 Hanoi (하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ) 也是如此。这是一道在它的发源地(广南周边约 50 公里范围内)吃起来才最美味的菜肴。

    如何(正确地)吃 Mi Quang

    当地人遵循着一套特定的顺序,这非常重要:

    1. 不要马上开吃。 首先,把芝麻脆饼粗略地撕成小块,撒在最上面。
    2. 挤上青柠汁 淋在所有食材上——通常一角青柠就够了。
    3. 加辣椒(如果你想吃辣)。旁边桌上的新鲜辣椒片比你想象的要温和。发酵鱼露("mam cai")才是真正的重头戏——建议从半茶匙开始加。
    4. 用筷子把整碗拌匀。 从底部挑起,让下面的香草与面条和汤汁充分混合。这是大多数外国人会跳过的一步,但它会彻底改变这道菜的风味。
    5. 用筷子和勺子一起吃。 用勺子舀起底部少量的汤汁和花生碎。

    整个体验应该充满层次感:劲道的面条、酥脆的饼干、嘎嘣脆的花生、柔软的香草、鲜嫩的肉。如果碗里所有的东西吃起来口感都一样,那肯定是哪里出错了。

    Mi Quang、Cao Lau 与 Pho:理清混淆

    前往越南中部的游客经常把 Mi Quang 和“cao lau”混淆,后者是 Hoi An 的另一种著名面食。它们的区别如下:

    | | Mi Quang | Cao Lau | Pho | |---|---|---|---| | 汤汁量 | 2-3 汤匙 | 几乎没有(拌面) | 满满一碗汤 | | 面条宽度 | 宽扁(5-10mm) | 粗圆,有嚼劲 | 细扁(3-5mm) | | 面条颜色 | 黄色(栀子/鸡蛋) | 棕色(碱水/草木灰) | 白色 | | 香草 | 9 种以上新鲜香草 | 较少,外加酥脆猪皮 | 罗勒、香菜、豆芽 | | 地区 | 广南 / Da Nang (다낭 / 岘港 / ダナン) | 仅限 Hoi An | Hanoi(北部),Saigon(南部) | | 脆饼 | 芝麻米脆饼 | 炸馄饨皮条 | 无 |

    如果你要在 Da Nang 和 Hoi An (호이안 / 会安 / ホイアン) 之间待上几天,建议这三种都尝尝。它们本质上是完全不同的菜肴,只是碰巧都属于“米粉”这一大类。在同一趟旅程中,你还可以轻松品尝到 banh xeo(中部风格,比 Saigon 版本的更小、更脆),如果你途中经过 Saigon,还可以尝尝“com tam”。

    让外国人感到惊讶的事

    汤汁的状况。 我见过每个第一次吃 Mi Quang 的外国人,都会对碗里少得可怜的汤汁感到困惑。他们以为厨房漏加了什么。其实这是对的。这不是 pho (쌀국수 / 越南河粉 / フォー)。你不需要大口喝汤。

    这是一道早餐。 大多数 Mi Quang 摊位在早上 5:30 到 6:00 之间开门,下午 1:00 或 2:00 就关门了。如果你在晚餐时间想吃 Mi Quang,通常只能在正规餐厅里找到,而不是在味道最好的街头小摊。

    香草放在最下面。 在正宗的小摊上,摊主会分层装碗:香草和生菜在最底层,面条在中间,肉类和汤汁在最上面。当你拿到碗时,有一半的蔬菜是看不见的。这就是为什么在吃之前必须拌匀的原因。

    发酵鱼露不是普通的鱼露。 桌上标着“mam”的调料碟是“mam cai”——一种广南特有的浓稠发酵凤尾鱼酱。它比你吃炸春卷或 goi cuon 时习惯蘸的“nuoc mam”(鱼露)更咸、更浓缩。在摸清自己的接受度之前,请谨慎使用。

    你会把汤汁溅出来。 宽面条、极少的汤汁和堆积如山的香草,使得 Mi Quang 成为吃起来最容易弄脏衣服的越南面食之一。没人在意这个。街头小摊铺设瓷砖地板是有原因的。

    快速参考

    • 菜名: Mi Quang(“mi” = 面,“Quang” = 广南省)
    • 发源地: 越南中部广南省
    • 最佳品尝城市: Da Nang、Hoi An、Tam Ky(广南省会)
    • 价格范围: 25,000-40,000 VND(街头小摊),50,000-70,000 VND(餐厅)
    • 通常营业时间: 早上 5:30 - 下午 1:00(小摊),全天(餐厅)
    • 点餐用语: "Cho toi mot to mi quang"(给我来一碗 Mi Quang)
    • 加虾: "Them tom" ——通常需加收 5,000-10,000 VND
    • 常见肉类配料: 猪肉、虾、鸡肉、鹌鹑蛋、黑鱼
    • 主要调料: 青柠、新鲜辣椒、发酵鱼露("mam cai")
    • 素食版本: 有但很罕见——可以问 "Co mi quang chay khong?"(你们有素食的 Mi Quang 吗?)
    • 绝佳搭配: 越南冰咖啡("ca phe sua da (연유커피 / 越南冰咖啡 / ベトナムアイスコーヒー)"),如果是午餐吃,配一杯冰镇 bia hoi 也很棒

    文化遗产的推动

    2022 年 11 月,广南省文化体育旅游局举办了一场关于将 Mi Quang 认定为非物质文化遗产的研讨会。该省正在整理档案以申请正式认定。

    就目前而言,这道菜仍然是日常美食——在早餐、午餐,有时甚至晚餐时供应。它是广南人在想家时必吃的食物。

    结语

    Mi Quang 不适合长途外带。面条会变软,脆饼会失去酥脆感,香草也会枯萎。你可以在 Saigon 和 Hanoi 找到它的身影,但那都是妥协后的版本。如果你计划在越南中部度过一段时光——哪怕只是在 Da Nang 和 Hoi An 之间待上几天——一定要去早市的小摊上吃一碗当天现做的面。那才是值得你穿越大半个国家去品尝的美味。