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Son Mai 漆器:Hanoi 画廊、价格与真伪鉴别 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · all · hanoi

Son Mai 漆器:Hanoi 画廊、价格与真伪鉴别

在 Hanoi 老城区,真正的 Son Mai 漆画起价约为 500,000 VND;而正规画廊的艺术品则高达数百万 VND。以下是鉴别真伪的方法。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 15, 20265 min read
Two intricate Vietnamese art pieces with dragon motifs displayed in a Hanoi shop.
↑ Two intricate Vietnamese art pieces with dragon motifs displayed in a Hanoi shop.Photo by Hiếu Vũ Vlog on Pexels
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#lacquerware#son mai#craft#tradition#art#hanoi#shopping#museums
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    “Son mai”——越南漆器——几个世纪以来一直被用于装饰寺庙墙壁和祭坛面板。如今,它也悬挂在正规画廊中,并在 Hanoi 老城区以数百万 VND 的价格出售。在您掏钱购买之前,了解这两个市场之间的差异是非常有必要的。

    Son Mai 的真实制作过程

    这种工艺注定是缓慢的。工匠们需要在一件作品上逐层涂抹——有时多达 20 层或更多——从主要生长在北部 Phu Tho 省的 cay son 树上采集的生漆树液。每一层都必须在湿度受控的环境中完全干燥,然后才能涂抹下一层。在开始装饰之前,整个基底的制作周期可能需要三到六个月。

    装饰是 Son Mai 区别于普通漆器的地方。工匠们切割并嵌入蛋壳碎片(根据所需的纹理选择鸭蛋或鸡蛋),将它们压入未干的漆中,并在固化后打磨平整。珍珠母贝薄片被刻划并镶嵌其中,以增加反光细节。金箔和银箔被抛光压入凹陷区域。混入漆层中的颜料产生了标志性的深红色、黑色和绿色;最后的表面用木炭粉和手掌进行手工抛光,直到它呈现出那种廉价仿制品永远无法复制的独特液体般的深邃感。

    这项技术于 20 世纪 30 年代在 Hanoi 的 Ecole des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine 在越南(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)被正式确立,当时的越南艺术家开始将传统的漆器工艺转化为一种纯艺术媒介。这种学院派的起源很重要:Son Mai 始终一只脚踏在纯艺术领域,另一只脚踏在装饰工艺领域,这正是如今其品质差异如此悬殊的原因。

    著名艺术家及其背后的传统

    Nguyen Gia Tri(1908–1993)是大多数资深买家首先提到的名字。他的多面板漆画作品——充满了人物、森林和河流场景的密集风景——确立了 Son Mai 漆画所能达到的艺术高度,他的作品在拍卖会上价格不菲。Tran Van Can 和 To Ngoc Van 是与他同时代的艺术家,在同一后学院派传统中创作,不过 Tran Van Can 在 Son Mai 领域的创作更为广泛。

    在当代艺术家中,Hanoi(하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ)的画廊界孕育了年轻一代,他们对待 Son Mai 的态度不再那么拘泥于传统——将技术抽象化,将其与油画或丙烯混合,从巨大的面板缩小到更容易携带的较小收藏尺寸。其中一些作品确实很有趣。有些在技术上很成熟,但在美学上却显得单薄。在您开始逛画廊之前,博物馆的背景知识有助于培养您的鉴赏眼光。

    工匠在越南 Thuan An 的工作室里为金马雕塑喷漆。

    照片由 Vy Van Bui 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    在 Hanoi 去哪里寻找

    越南美术博物馆

    在购买任何东西之前,了解 Son Mai 的最佳去处是位于 Nguyen Thai Hoc Street 的越南美术博物馆,它大约在 Hoan Kiem Lake 西南方向 1.5 km 处。馆内藏品涵盖了从仪式用品和寺庙面板,到学院派时代的纯艺术传统,再到 20 世纪中期大师的漆器作品。门票为 40,000 VND。在这里花上一个小时,您会立刻注意到严肃的艺术作品与装饰性量产件在表面质感和构图野心上的区别——这种区别在商店里要难看得多。

    博物馆还收藏了早于纯艺术时代的“dinh”和佛塔漆器样本:祭坛摆件、雕刻和涂漆的木板、彩绘屏风。这些展示了 Son Mai 在成为画廊艺术之前的原始宗教背景。

    Tu Phap Pagoda 与寺庙漆器

    如果想看实际用于仪式而非陈列在玻璃窗后的 Son Mai,Hanoi 的几座佛塔保留了原始的漆面祭坛家具和装饰面板。位于 Ba Dinh 区的 Tu Phap Pagoda 就是一个例子,那里的漆面木制品融入了祭坛结构中,而不是作为艺术品展示。这种背景改变了您对这项技术的理解——它从来都不是纯粹为了美观。

    如果您已经为了欣赏建筑而参观 文庙 建筑群,那么其历史结构中的漆器元素也非常值得仔细观察。

    女子在宁静的博物馆环境中用手机拍摄艺术品。

    照片由 Beyzaa Yurtkuran 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    购买:真品与量产件的对比

    Hanoi 老城区,特别是 Hang Gai 和 Hang Bong 街道一带,到处都是漆器店。您在 200,000–800,000 VND 价格区间看到的大部分商品都是工厂生产的:聚酯树脂基底、喷涂合成漆、印刷或模板印花的装饰。这些并不完全是欺诈——它们是装饰品——但它们不是传统意义上的 Son Mai,也不会随着时间的推移呈现出相同的岁月痕迹。

    真品的标志:重量(木头上的真漆密度很大)、手工抛光造成的轻微表面不规则、当您将作品倾斜对着光线时可以看到漆层的明显深度、具有自然变化而非均匀纹理的蛋壳碎片。询问它的产地;Hanoi 的 Tay Ho 区和 Ha Dong(西南约 10 km 处)周围村庄的工作室生产真正的作品。以陶瓷闻名的 Bat Trang 也有少数几家漆器作坊,如果您已经安排了陶瓷村之旅,这些作坊也值得一游。

    对于画廊级别的作品,沿着 Trang Tien Street 以及老城区边缘的当代艺术画廊群——特别是那些将漆器与绘画和雕塑一起展示,而不是专门展示工艺品的画廊——出售价格在 2,000,000–15,000,000 VND 之间的 Son Mai 作品,这些代表了艺术家的真实创作。价格只有微小的议价空间;如果经销商对一件知名艺术家的签名作品要价 8,000,000 VND,那并不是在宰客。

    如果预算有限,来自正规工艺作坊的小型装饰托盘和盒子是不错的纪念品,价格在 300,000–600,000 VND 之间。问题不在于价格高低——而在于以真漆的价格购买量产的树脂作品,这才是大多数旅游商店里真正的骗局。

    实用提示

    越南美术博物馆周一闭馆;请据此安排行程。超过 40 cm 的漆器面板作为随身行李携带很不方便——大多数信誉良好的画廊都可以安排运输,但根据尺寸大小,需预留 500,000–1,500,000 VND 的包装和快递预算。如果您对这项工艺非常感兴趣,10 月至次年 4 月的旱季是 Hanoi 作坊产量最高、最开放参观的时候;8 月的潮湿会减慢固化时间,一些作坊会减少产量。