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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · north · hanoi

Xoi Xeo:河内那份以绿豆和炸红葱头为灵魂的糯米饭

金黄色的糯米铺上绵密的绿豆泥,再撒上一把酥脆的炸红葱头——Xoi Xeo 是河内早餐摊位上低调的支柱,它值得被好好介绍一番。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Close-up of a traditional Vietnamese bánh mì sandwich with fresh vegetables. Perfect for food lovers.
↑ Close-up of a traditional Vietnamese bánh mì sandwich with fresh vegetables. Perfect for food lovers.Photo by Hậu Mai on Pexels
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#xoi xeo#deep dive#guide#food#street food#sticky rice#hanoi breakfast#mung bean
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    在河内,很少有早餐能像清晨6点半从摩托车窗递过来的那份纸包“xoi xeo”(糯米饭)那样,给人带来如此静谧的满足感。它的价格比一杯咖啡还便宜,却能让你饱腹至中午。几十年来,它在城市的巷弄里始终扮演着这一角色。

    什么是 Xoi Xeo

    Xoi xeo 是“xoi”(越南糯米饭)的一种,其特色在于姜黄染就的金黄色泽、顶部厚厚的一层绿豆泥,以及撒上的一把炸红葱头——后者提供了酥脆的口感和淡淡的甜味。大多数摊贩还会加入薄切的“gio lua”(越南猪肉香肠,口感细腻温和),最后淋上一勺炼制的鸡油或猪油,将整份糯米饭的味道融为一体。

    糯米本身(nep)需要浸泡过夜,然后与姜黄粉或姜黄水一起蒸煮,直到呈现出那种独特的金黄色。做得好的话,每一粒米都颗粒分明,但又保持着足够的黏性,压制时能成型。如果做得不好,米饭会变得黏糊、沉重,吃进胃里就像一块小砖头。

    绿豆层(dau xanh,去皮绿豆)需煮至软烂,然后捣碎或过筛成细腻的泥状,有时会加入少许盐和糖调味。这层豆泥会大方地铺在糯米上——不是薄薄的一层,而是厚度约一厘米的真材实料。红葱头切薄片后用油炸至深琥珀色,再撒上盐。它们是整道菜口感的关键。

    简短历史

    Xoi xeo 是一道地道的北方菜——具体来说是河内菜——就像“pho”(河粉)一样:这意味着你在其他地方也能找到类似版本,但最正宗的形式属于首都。它的起源没有确切记载,但美食历史学家通常将这种姜黄糯米饭追溯到红河三角洲的烹饪传统,在那里,糯米和绿豆几个世纪以来一直是主食。

    街头摊贩的售卖形式——在大托盘中蒸煮,按需舀取,用香蕉叶或纸包裹——在20世纪中叶成为主流,当时河内的工薪阶层需要在清晨获得快速、廉价且易于携带的热量。Xoi 摊贩通常在黎明前就在东春市场、校门口和公交车站附近摆摊,等到9点或10点早餐时段结束便收摊。

    总之,这不是一道带有创始神话或名垂青史的菜肴。它是工人的食物,这可能就是它能流传至今的原因。

    你会遇到的变体

    Xoi Xeo Co Ban(标准版)

    糯米、绿豆、红葱头、gio lua。这是大多数摊位售卖的版本。Gio(香肠)是可选的——你可以要求不加——但红葱头、绿豆和糯米的组合是 xoi xeo 的灵魂,不可或缺。

    Xoi Xeo Trung

    在顶部加一个煎蛋。这更像是一种堂食变体,在街头摊位较少见。常见于有固定店面的糯米饭店(“quan xoi”)。

    Xoi Xeo Tom Kho

    在红葱头的基础上撒上虾米。增加了一种咸鲜味,略带海洋气息,与绿豆的泥土香气非常搭。这是区域性的小变体,在河内市区较少见,在一些北方省份较为常见。

    Xoi Xeo Ga

    在顶部铺上鸡丝。这让这道菜更接近“com tam”(碎米饭)或“xoi ga”(鸡肉糯米饭)的范畴——虽然有姜黄绿豆底的依然被称为 xoi xeo,但分量更重、价格更贵,通常一份小份的售价为35,000–50,000越南盾,而标准版只需15,000–25,000越南盾。

    在越南槟椥省的春节庆祝活动中供应的传统越南粽子(Banh Chung)特写。

    图片来源:Nguyen Truong Khang,来自 Pexels

    如何在摊位点餐

    词汇量要求极低。走上前,与摊主目光接触,然后说:“Cho mot xuat xoi xeo”(来一份 xoi xeo)。他们会问:“Co gio khong?”(要加香肠吗?)。回答“Co”(要)或“Khong”(不要)。他们可能还会问大小:“To hay nho?”(大份还是小份?)。对于大多数人来说,小份(nho)作为早餐已经足够;如果你打算不吃午饭,那就点大份(to)。

    它会用纸或香蕉叶包好递给你,有时会配一个小塑料叉,更多时候没有。直接吃就行。没有蘸酱,没有汤,也没有配菜。所有的复杂风味都已经在里面了。

    价格范围:15,000–30,000越南盾,具体取决于大小和配料。如果一个摊位在没有鸡肉或其他额外配料的情况下,标准份收费超过35,000越南盾,那你可能被当成游客了。

    它如何融入河内的早晨

    河内的早餐文化大致从早上5:30持续到9:00,而 xoi xeo 属于那种快速、无需座位的类型——与“banh mi”(法棍三明治)和“banh cuon”(蒸米卷)属于同一类别。它与附近摊位的一杯“ca phe sua da”(越南冰咖啡)是绝配;在凉爽的月份,也可以搭配老城区咖啡馆里的鸡蛋咖啡。它不需要桌子,许多人边走边吃,或者坐在摩托车座上享用。

    售卖它的摊主几乎都是女性,通常是上了年纪的阿姨,她们在同一个位置经营了数十年。那种经验——对水量、炸红葱头火候、淋油量的把控——正是为什么每个摊位的味道都不尽相同的原因。

    一个充满活力的街头市场摊位,展示了城市环境中的传统亚洲美食和当地商贩。

    图片来源:Loifotos,来自 Pexels

    去哪里品尝正宗版本

    Xoi Yen (河内) — 35B Nguyen Huu Huan, Hoan Kiem。这是城里最著名的糯米饭店,大约早上6点开门。生意火爆,朴实无华,品质稳定。工作日早晨可能需要排队。

    Xoi Ba Thin (河内) — 一个流动摊位,早上7点前在东春市场附近摆摊。没有固定地址——前一天晚上可以打听一下,或者在早餐前绕着市场边缘走走。值得为了它稍微寻找一番。

    Xoi Xeo Bong Hong (大叻) — 大叻有自己的 xoi xeo 传统,绿豆泥层略甜,配有肉松(ruoc)和红葱头。如果你往南旅行,这是一个很好的对比点。

    实用提示

    Xoi xeo 摊位通常在早上9:30之前就会收摊——请提前规划,特别是如果你从老城区外赶来。这道菜加热后口感不佳,所以一定要买新鲜的并立即食用。如果你在冬天访问河内,那份刚出锅的、热气腾腾的糯米饭,确实是它最大的魅力所在。