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越南的 An Chay:不只是豆腐,品味真正的素食 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · all · hanoi

越南的 An Chay:不只是豆腐,品味真正的素食

越南有着根植于佛教习俗的深厚素食传统。以下是在 Hanoi、Saigon 及其他地方品尝“an chay”(无肉素食)的好去处,以及如何在街头点餐的指南。

By the Wayfarer teamApr 5, 20265 min read
Explore a colorful array of authentic Asian dishes, showcasing diverse flavors and ingredients.
↑ Explore a colorful array of authentic Asian dishes, showcasing diverse flavors and ingredients.Photo by Thu Huynh on Pexels
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#vegetarian#vegan#an chay#buddhist#street food#dining#plant based#hanoi food#saigon food
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    "an chay" 的佛教根源

    在越南 (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム),素食主义并不是一种生活方式的潮流,而是深深融入了佛教习俗之中。在农历初一和十五,许多越南佛教徒会戒荤戒酒。你会看到“an chay”(无肉)摊位在市场和社区中涌现,寺庙的厨房也会制作精致的植物性餐食。这种文化契机创造了其独有的烹饪体系:蔬菜高汤、蘑菇清汤、大豆和面筋制成的人造肉,以及让无肉饮食感觉丰盛而非受限的烹饪技巧。

    这一传统根深蒂固,大多数社区至少有一家“nha hang an chay”(素食餐厅),或者当你要求“an chay”时,摊贩们完全明白你的意思。在这里,你不会看到像喂兔子一样的干瘪沙拉,或是敷衍了事的菜品。想象一下,酥脆的素食 banh xeo 里塞满了蘑菇和豆芽,用蔬菜高汤熬制的浓郁椰奶咖喱,还有吃起来绝不像是受罪的美味汤面。

    菜单上的“an chay”究竟意味着什么

    “An chay”字面意思是“吃素”,但其中的细微差别很重要。严格的佛教素食不含大蒜、洋葱、葱和酒精——尽管寺庙外的许多餐厅和家庭厨师为了追求风味会忽略这一规则。当你在街头摊位点“an chay”时,你的意思是不要肉、鱼露或虾酱;除非你特别说明,否则许多摊贩会默认加葱蒜是可以的。

    如果你需要纯素(不含乳制品、鸡蛋、蜂蜜),请说“an chay 100%”或“an chay khong co trung, sua”(不含蛋奶)。大多数厨师都能听懂并为你调整。一些专门的纯素餐厅会在招牌上用英文标明“100% plant-based”。

    Pho chay 与无骨汤底的汤面

    “Pho chay”将传统的牛骨或鸡骨高汤换成了由胡萝卜、芹菜、蘑菇(有时还加姜和八角)熬制的蔬菜清汤。它比肉汤 Pho 更清淡、更纯净,但同样能带给你温暖。关键在于米粉——它们必须新鲜有嚼劲,而不是粉糊糊的。大多数 Pho 摊位只要你开口都会为你制作,即使它不在菜单牌上。

    “Bun rieu chay”(蟹味素汤米粉)使用番茄和蔬菜做底料代替真正的螃蟹,通常还会加入腰果奶油或椰奶来提味。它比原版更鲜甜浓郁,有些人甚至觉得它更好吃。

    如果想吃得更饱,可以尝试“banh canh chay”——在丝滑的蔬菜汤中加入粗木薯粉或土豆粉条,上面铺满蘑菇、豆腐和新鲜香草。这是越南北部冬季的最爱,吃起来非常暖胃舒心。

    美味的越南 pho 汤面,配有豆腐、香草和蔬菜,是美食爱好者的完美选择。

    照片由 Connor Scott McManus 发布于 Pexels

    Banh xeo chay 与酥脆主食

    “Banh xeo (반세오 / 越南煎饼 / バインセオ)”(滋滋作响的煎饼)可以完全用蔬菜制作。面糊保持不变——姜黄、米粉、椰奶——但馅料从猪肉和虾换成了香菇或木耳、黄花菜、豆芽和嫩豆腐。当下锅时,它依然会发出响亮而诱人的滋滋声,变得金黄酥脆。蘸上不含鱼露的“nuoc cham”(用青柠、糖和辣椒制成的蘸酱),再用蔬菜和香草包裹起来吃。

    “Cha gio chay”(素春卷)里面塞满了蘑菇、卷心菜、胡萝卜,有时还有粉丝。它们被炸得金黄,咬下去时会发出清脆的碎裂声。在这里,口感和食材同样重要。

    搭配豆腐、牛油果、薄荷和罗勒的“Goi cuon chay”(新鲜夏日卷)在任何市场都很容易找到;它们本来就是以植物为主的天然美食。

    在 Hanoi 哪里吃

    位于 Tran Hung Dao 的 Loving Hut 是纯素食的标杆。这里提供包含豆腐和植物蛋白的国际菜单(意面、汉堡、披萨),但他们的 pho (쌀국수 / 越南河粉 / フォー) chay 和 banh xeo chay 同样非常地道。不花哨,做法实在。主菜价格在 60,000–90,000 VND 之间。

    位于老城区的 Aubergine 则更为高档——配有燃木烤炉,摆盘精致,主打创意蔬菜菜肴。人均消费约 150,000–200,000 VND。晚餐需提前预订。

    靠近 Hoan Kiem Lake 的 Ngo Tung 是一家由僧侣经营的休闲佛教餐厅。价格极其便宜(40,000–60,000 VND),食物简单,但工艺考究。仅供应午餐;上午中旬开门,售完即止。

    想要体验街头“an chay”,可以寻找挂着“com chay”(配有多种配菜的素食米饭)招牌的摊位,或者写着“nha hang an chay”的小店招牌。Dong Xuan Market 底层至少有两个专门的素食摊位。

    街头摊贩在 Hanoi 使用不锈钢锅准备传统的越南面条。

    照片由 Nimit N 发布于 Pexels

    在 Saigon 哪里吃

    位于第三区的 Hum 氛围休闲,总是顾客盈门。Banh mi (반미 / 越式法包 / バインミー) chay、com tam chay、pho chay——都非常美味,价格在 50,000–80,000 VND 左右。他们自制的素食肉酱(pate)值得一试。

    位于第一区的 Pi 走极简主义路线,非常适合在 Instagram 上打卡,主打植物基披萨和意面。价格较高(120,000–180,000 VND),比起独自吃午餐,这里更适合享用早午餐或休闲约会。

    位于 Binh Thanh District 的 Thanh Huong An Chay 是一家朴实无华的老字号——供应 pho chay、bun rieu (분지에우 / 蟹肉米粉汤 / ブンリュウ) chay 以及盖饭。当地人常来这里吃饭;游客很少能找到。价格约 45,000–70,000 VND。

    Ben Thanh Market 也有素食摊贩,不过你需要专门向摊贩询问“mon an chay”,或者指着展示柜里的蔬菜点单。

    如何在普通餐厅或摊位点“an chay”

    大多数街头小吃摊和小餐厅只要你提出要求,都会为你调整菜品。指着青菜或蔬菜,然后清楚地说:“An chay, khong co thit, khong co ca, khong co tom”(素食,不要肉,不要鱼,不要虾)。如果你也不想加鱼露,可以补充一句“khong co nuoc mam”。许多摊贩会点点头,爽快地照做。

    如果你是纯素食者,请明确说明:“An chay 100%, khong co trung, khong co sua, khong co ca”(100% 素食,不要鸡蛋,不要乳制品,不要鱼)。

    在有菜单的餐厅里,寻找“chay”这个词并指给店员看。如今,主要城市的大多数游客菜单上都有素食专区,不过这里的“素食”可能更多是指以蘑菇为主,而不完全是西方意义上的无肉。

    实用提示

    大城市和旅游区都有专门的素食餐厅,但小城镇通常依赖市场摊位和家庭经营的“com chay”小店。佛教寺庙有时会在农历初一和十五向游客提供斋饭——如果你附近有寺庙,可以询问你的酒店或宾馆。“An chay”文化真实存在且平易近人;你不仅仅是因为需要或意识形态而吃素,更是为了体验一项碰巧非常美味的百年传统。