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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · north · hanoi

Bun Cha:历史、变体以及如何像当地人一样点餐

河内标志性的烤肉米粉午餐背后有着比大多数人想象中更深厚的历史——从炭火起源到蘸汤的正确风味,这里有你需要了解的一切。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20263 分钟阅读
Close-up of a Vietnamese Banh Mi sandwich platter surrounded by fresh vegetables.
↑ Close-up of a Vietnamese Banh Mi sandwich platter surrounded by fresh vegetables.Photo by Change C.C on Pexels
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#bun cha#deep dive#guide#food#hanoi#street food#grilled pork#noodles#vietnamese cuisine
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    Hanoi 人对美食有着许多见解,但很少有像对 "bun cha" 那样立场坚定——谁做得最好、燃气烤炉是否是异端、汤底到底应该有多甜。以下是关于这道美食的完整故事,从炭火烟熏讲起。

    什么是 Bun Cha

    简而言之,bun cha 是一碗盛在浅碗里的温热 "nuoc cham"(鱼露蘸汤),汤底加入了醋、糖、大蒜和辣椒,配上一盘新鲜的 "bun"(圆米粉)和一堆生鲜香草:紫苏、薄荷、生菜,有时还有切片的青木瓜或青香蕉。猪肉有两种形式:一种是用猪肉末混合红葱头和鱼露制成的扁平肉饼("cha vien"),另一种是经过腌制并单独炭烤的肥瘦相间的五花肉或肩肉("cha mieng")。一份餐点里两者都有。根据店铺和地段的不同,价格通常在 40,000 到 70,000 VND 之间。

    这几乎是一道专属的午餐。Hanoi (河内) 的 bun cha 店通常在上午 11 点左右开门,下午 2 点前往往就已售罄或打烊。如果你在晚上 7 点去寻找这道菜,你会被指引去吃 "pho"。

    烟火背后的历史

    关于 bun cha 的文字记载最早可追溯到 20 世纪 50 年代——作家 Vu Bang 在他的散文集《Thuong Nho Muoi Hai》(1960 年)中描述了烤肉的香气弥漫在 Hanoi 老城区街头的情景,将其视为一种早已根深蒂固的仪式,而非新鲜事物。这道菜的历史几乎肯定更久远,它与老城区 36 条行会街道的街头饮食经济紧密相连,当时工人们需要在轮班间隙吃上一顿快速、便宜且方便携带的餐点。

    烹饪方式——炭火炙烤、猪油滴落并激起火苗——是其原始魅力不可或缺的一部分。肉饼外层的焦香,以及当你将刚出炉的热肉浸入汤中时产生的轻微烟熏味:这才是精髓所在。燃气烤炉可以复制焦糖化效果,却无法产生烟熏味,这就是为什么老派 Hanoi 人对两者差异如此执着的原因。实际上,你仍然可以在许多传统店铺找到炭火烤架,通常就在店门外的人行道上,烟雾不仅能散去,还起到了招牌广告的作用。

    在繁忙的 Ho Chi Minh City 街道上,摊贩正在烤肉,行人穿梭其间。

    摄影:Tuan Vy,来源:Pexels

    蘸汤:如何掌握比例

    nuoc cham 汤底是许多 Hanoi 以外版本最容易出错的地方。它应该是温的,而不是烫的。口味应该平衡——微甜、微酸,带有足够的鱼露深度,但又不会过咸。水、鱼露、醋和糖的比例是每位 bun cha 厨师严守的秘方,不同店铺之间差异很大,以至于常客们都有自己坚定的偏好。

    它绝不应该是你在南部吃 "goi cuon" 时配的那种冰凉、浓烈且刺激的蘸酱。这是一种可以喝的汤底,你在进餐时将肉和米粉浸入其中。汤里漂浮着蒜片和切成薄片的青辣椒。有些店会在旁边加几片腌制的青木瓜或胡萝卜来解腻。

    点餐时,服务员会分别端上汤碗、米粉盘和香草盘。你需要自己动手组合:从盘子里取一小撮米粉,放入汤中,加入一些香草,然后享用。没有所谓的“正确比例”,根据你的口味边吃边调整即可。

    白色盘子上盛放着越南炸春卷和蘸酱的特写。

    摄影:RDNE Stock project,来源:Pexels

    地区变体及演变

    Bun cha 是地道的 Hanoi 美食。它在 20 世纪期间及之后向南传播,但在此过程中发生了变异——主要体现在迎合南部口味偏好的甜味上。

    在 Saigon,bun cha 虽然随处可见,但汤底通常更甜,有时会配上一盘包含泰国罗勒和豆芽的更丰富的香草拼盘,偶尔还会配上 "cha gio"。