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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · central · hoi-an

Cao Lau:历史、变体与点餐指南全解析

会安最神秘的面食背后有着独特的传说——井水、草木灰以及数百年的饮食文化交融。以下是你需要了解的一切。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Fresh Vietnamese beef noodle salad with herbs and peppers in a bowl. Perfect for healthy eating enthusiasts.
↑ Fresh Vietnamese beef noodle salad with herbs and peppers in a bowl. Perfect for healthy eating enthusiasts.Photo by FOX ^.ᆽ.^= ∫ on Pexels
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#cao lau#deep dive#guide#food#hoi an#noodles#street food#central vietnam
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    会安不乏声称在别处无法复刻的美味,但“cao lau”是唯一真正实至名归的。这种面条必须使用特定水井的水制作,配料融合了至少两种外来贸易文化,其口感更是独树一帜。如果你在会安以外的地方吃到它,而有人告诉你那是正宗的,那他们多半是在客套。

    Cao Lau 究竟是什么

    Cao lau(까오러우 / 高楼面 / カオラウ)是一种干拌面——比起汤面,它更像是一道精心调配的沙拉——其特色在于粗而劲道、略带黄色、口感扎实且近乎软糯的面条。一碗地道的cao lau配有叉烧风格的猪肉片、由同款面团炸制的酥脆面块(croutons)、新鲜香草(越南薄荷、豆芽、切丝的香蕉花),并淋上一小勺浓缩的卤汁,而不是像汤面那样注满汤底。吃的时候用筷子,不需要勺子。

    面条的色泽和嚼劲源于草木灰水——这是一种用特定树木的灰烬制成的碱水,这些树木专门采自会安海岸外的占婆岛(Cu Lao Cham)(호이안 / 会安 / ホイアン)——以及Ba Le井的矿物质重水,这是一口位于镇中心、至今仍在使用的占婆时代古井。当地人会告诉你,这两个要素缺一不可。只要去掉其中任何一个,它就成了另一道菜。

    起源之争

    关于cao lau的起源,至今没有定论,这也是它迷人之处。

    最常被引用的理论指向日本的影响。16世纪和17世纪,会安是一个重要的港口城镇,在现今的古镇形成之前,这里就存在一个日本商区——Pho Hien。这种粗碱水面与某些日本乌冬面的制法有几分相似,且其克制、干拌的呈现方式,比起越南北部常见的汤水充盈的中国式面条传统,更接近日本的面食文化。

    不过,中国的影响也不容忽视。这里的叉烧肉——被称为“xa xiu”——明显源自粤菜,而酥脆面块的元素也与某些中国南方地区的干拌面手法相呼应。会安的华人贸易社区,特别是来自福建和广东的移民,在这里经营饮食已有数百年历史。现在的cao lau几乎可以肯定吸收了这两者的影响。

    占婆(Cham)元素则构成了第三条线索。占婆岛的草木灰以及Ba Le井本身——其历史可能追溯到越南定居点向南扩张之前的占婆王国——表明这道菜的基础比日本和中国的贸易时期更为久远。说cao lau在饮食意义上是“占婆”的或许有些牵强,但其原材料确实比贸易路线本身更古老。

    最准确但也最令人难以满足的答案是:cao lau是会安的综合产物。它属于这个港口城镇数百年文化交汇的特定产物,无法简单地归因于单一起源。

    熙熙攘攘的街头美食市场,摊贩和顾客正在享用各式亚洲美食。

    图片来源:Quang Nguyen Vinh,来自 Pexels

    传统版 vs. 游客版

    这里谈谈实际情况。

    经典版本——你仍然可以在市场摊位和隐藏在游客区外的家庭小店找到——使用在酱油、五香粉和焦糖混合物中慢炖至入味、略带粘稠的猪肉。酥脆面块必须是嘎嘣脆的,且必须由同款面团制成,而不是普通的炸饼干。香草堆里应包含rau muong(空心菜芽)、越南薄荷和豆芽。调味汁应咸鲜浓郁,略带甜味,且用量极少——一碗面大约只淋两汤匙。

    沿Tran Phu和Nguyen Thai Hoc街遍布的游客向版本并不难吃,但往往猪肉口味较淡,汤汁较多,酥脆面块较软,分量也是为了那些想吃正餐而非小吃的外国人而设计的。这些地方的价格通常在60,000–90,000 VND一碗。而在会安中央市场内的摊位,你只需花35,000–50,000 VND就能吃到品质更好的版本。

    如何点餐

    Cao lau不是那种可以随意定制的菜肴,做得好的摊贩通常都有自己的节奏:不要要求加汤——那样就失去了精髓。不要不加酥脆面块。如果你在市场摊位吃,通常只有一种分量;在餐厅里,你可能会有小份(nho)和普通份(thuong)的选择。如果你打算一路吃过去,小份就足够了。

    一定要趁热吃。面条会迅速吸收调味汁,酥脆面块几分钟内就会变软。这不是一道适合拍很久照片再动筷子的菜。

    一对身穿越南传统服饰的夫妇漫步在会安迷人的街道上。

    图片来源:Võ Văn Tiến,来自 Pexels

    去哪里品尝经典版本

    会安中央市场摊位

    Tran Phu路室内市场一楼、靠近秋盆河(Thu Bon River)的摊位群是起点。Cao Lau Ba Be是这里最常被推荐的名字——营业时间约为06:00至11:00,售完即止。价格约为40,000 VND。如果想确保能吃到,请在09:00之前到达。

    Phuong Cao Lau (会安)

    位于Tran Phu路45号,靠近日本廊桥那一端。环境比市场摊位好一些——有正式的桌椅,价格稍高(55,000 VND)——但面条品质始终如一,猪肉也炖得恰到好处。比大多数店更能应付午餐高峰。

    Cao Lau Thanh (会安)

    一家经营了数十年的家庭作坊,目前位于Le Loi和Nguyen Thai Hoc的交叉口附近。没有英文菜单,几乎没有招牌。点餐时直接指着面条即可。这是最符合当地人心中“标杆”的版本。

    对于途经河内或西贡并想做个对比的旅行者:这两座城市都有几家越南中部餐厅供应cao lau,但面条使用的是自来水和当地草木灰,因此口感更软,风味也更清淡。值得尝试一次,以了解会安的水质究竟起到了什么作用——这种差异非常明显。

    实用贴士

    Cao lau在会安是一道早餐和午餐食物;大多数摊位在中午或最晚13:00前就会关门。预算在35,000–90,000 VND之间,具体取决于地点。如果你计划在会安进行一次完整的美食之旅,可以搭配Phuong摊位的“banh mi”,最后在河边的咖啡馆来一杯“ca phe sua da (연유커피 / 越南冰咖啡 / ベトナムアイスコーヒー)”——三道菜,三种截然不同的文化渊源,且都在500米范围内。