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  3. Banh Chung Gu 与富寿省的祖先祭祀餐桌
🇨🇳 Food & Drink · north

Banh Chung Gu 与富寿省的祖先祭祀餐桌

富寿省的糯米粽和祭祖节庆美食是越南北部最引人入胜却又鲜为人知的饮食传统,它们根植于仪式,在省外几乎难得一见。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Scenery of rippling pond with clean rippling water surrounded by hills covered with woods under cloudy sky
↑ Scenery of rippling pond with clean rippling water surrounded by hills covered with woods under cloudy skyPhoto by Quang Nguyen Vinh on Pexels
Tags
#regional specialty#food#phu tho#hung kings#festival food#sticky rice#banh chung#fermented pork#northern vietnam
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    在富寿省 Nghia Linh 山周边制作的食物,并非你在任何餐厅菜单上能找到的那种。它们是仪式性的食物——由地理环境、对君王的追思,以及该省作为越南文明发源地的自豪感所塑造。

    富寿省的“Banh Chung”有何不同

    大多数越南人都知道“banh chung”是春节期间食用的方形糯米粽——里面填满绿豆沙和肥猪肉,用柊叶包裹,并煮上数小时。富寿省制作一种名为“banh chung gu”(有时写作 banh chung gai)的变体,它与标准版本有着重要的区别。

    这里使用的柊叶来自富寿省高地区域的森林——特别是 Thanh Son 和 Tan Son 附近,那里的湿度和海拔使得叶片比平原品种颜色更深、香气更浓。当粽子煮熟时,这种叶子的清香会渗透进米粒中,这是低地版本无法复制的。

    其形状也独具特色。标准的 Tet banh chung 是扁平的方形,而 banh chung gu 则更圆、更紧实——轮廓上更像枕头而不是砖块。制作它们的当地妇女说,这种形状源于她们祖母捆扎叶子的方式,这是一种在家庭间口耳相传而非见诸文字的技艺。

    其馅料比 Saigon 风格的版本甜度更低。绿豆沙口感更粗糙,猪肉用更多的黑胡椒调味,且肥肉比例更高——这听起来很油腻,但实际上能防止糯米在冷却后变硬。第二天早上切片冷食,你就会明白其中的奥妙。

    雄王庙建筑群周边村庄摊位的价格约为每个 25,000–40,000 VND,具体取决于大小。在农历三月的 Hung Kings Festival 期间,摊贩们会沿路摆摊至上庙(Den Thuong),出售这些粽子以及其他祭品。

    雄王节的祭祀餐桌

    雄王节于农历三月初十举行,吸引了数十万朝圣者前往 Nghia Linh 山,这既是一场宗教活动,也是一场美食盛会。家庭成员们带着在家中准备好的祭品登山:banh chung gu、“banh day”(圆形的白色糯米糕,在传说中与 banh chung 是绝配)、五果盘和烤糯米。

    “Xoi”(糯米饭)在这里占据核心地位,这是大多数越南节日所没有的。富寿省的 xoi 是在竹筒中用木火烹制的,作为祭品,这赋予了它淡淡的烟熏味,并能在长达数小时的登山过程中保持温度。纯白色的 xoi 和 xoi gac(用木鳖果染成深红色的糯米饭)都很常见,红色被视为吉祥的象征。

    对于那些前来品尝而非祭祀的人来说,山脚下以及富寿省省会 Viet Tri 市(位于 Hanoi 西北约 80 公里处)的食品摊位生意兴隆,出售着许多无法长途运输、因此在省外几乎鲜为人知的当地特色美食。

    越南历史悠久的寺庙入口,以文化雕像和充满活力的建筑为特色。

    图片来源:Valeria Drozdova,来自 Pexels

    'Thit Chua' — 富寿省的酸肉

    最值得寻找的菜肴是“thit chua”,即富寿省的发酵猪肉——不要将其与南方风格的“nem chua”(发酵猪肉卷)混淆。富寿省的 thit chua 由猪皮和瘦肉混合炒米粉及当地香料制成,然后用香蕉叶紧紧包裹,发酵三到五天。成品口感酸爽、独特且紧实——在室温下食用,配以新鲜大蒜、辣椒片,有时还会蘸上用青柠稀释的虾酱。

    节日期间,它几乎出现在每张餐桌上。当地人将其作为零食,搭配 Viet Tri 路边摊用塑料桶盛装的“bia hoi”(鲜啤)食用,或者作为正餐的一部分与 xoi 一起享用。在富寿省外找到它确实很难——发酵周期很短,且经不起长途运输。

    其他值得了解的菜肴

    富寿省还有着深厚的河鱼饮食传统,源于流经该省的 Lo 河和 Da 河。“Ca chep nuong”——用柠檬草和姜黄调味的烤鲤鱼,在 Viet Tri 和距离庙宇建筑群约 12 公里的富寿镇的河边餐厅很常见。

    这里的“Canh chua ca”(酸鱼汤)使用的是由 coc 果(一种北方常见的酸味绿色水果)制成的酸味剂,而不是南方典型的罗望子——其口感更尖锐、甜度更低,更接近你在 Ha Giang 或 Tuyen Quang 品尝到的味道。

    早餐方面,当地的“banh cuon”(蒸米卷)比河内版本更薄,配以味道更浓的鱼露底料,有时还会配上一小碗汤,供你在桌上浇入。

    越南市场摊位上的芒果糕点。突显当地美食与城市文化。

    图片来源:Toàn Đỗ Công,来自 Pexels

    交通与出行时间

    Viet Tri 距离 Hanoi 约 80 公里,经由 2 号国道——开车约 1.5 到 2 小时,或从 My Dinh 车站乘巴士约 2.5 小时(票价约 80,000–100,000 VND)。雄王庙建筑群距离市中心还有 12 公里。

    节日期间——农历三月初十,通常在四月——是美食最丰富、最热闹的时候。但如果你愿意打听,全年都能从 Thanh Son 地区的村庄生产者那里买到 banh chung gu 和 thit chua。

    实用贴士

    庙宇建筑群周边的食品摊位大多只收现金;请准备小额钞票(10,000–50,000 VND 面额),因为节日期间找零往往比较困难。如果你打算购买 banh chung gu 带回家,请挑选摸起来还有余温的——从早上放出来的粽子会很快失去叶子的清香。