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寒食节与 Che Troi Nuoc:为什么越南家庭要在寒食节制作糯米圆子

每逢农历三月初三,越南家庭会停止烹饪热食,转而制作糯米圆子。了解一下 Tet Han Thuc 的真正含义。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Fresh Vietnamese beef noodle salad with herbs and peppers in a bowl. Perfect for healthy eating enthusiasts.
↑ Fresh Vietnamese beef noodle salad with herbs and peppers in a bowl. Perfect for healthy eating enthusiasts.Photo by FOX ^.ᆽ.^= ∫ on Pexels
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#regional specialty#food#festivals#street food#dessert#che#lunar calendar#family food#sticky rice
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寒食节与 Che Troi Nuoc:为什么越南家庭要在寒食节制作糯米圆子 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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    Nem Lui Da Nang: What to Pair It With for a Full Meal

    每年农历三月初三,越南各地的厨房都会变得安静——没有煎炸,没有烧烤,没有烟火。家人们聚在一起,亲手揉制软糯的糯米圆子,将它们放入姜汁糖水中煮熟,并在一天结束前共同享用。这就是“Tet Han Thuc”(寒食节),而节日的核心美食便是“che troi nuoc”——尽管节日名为“寒食”,但这种漂浮的甜圆子却是热着吃的。

    Tet Han Thuc 的起源

    这个节日源自中国,可以追溯到传统的寒食节(Hanshi Festival),这是一个禁止生火烹饪的哀悼日。当这一习俗传入越南后,它融入了当地的意义。对于今天大多数越南家庭来说,寒食的禁忌已经大大淡化:禁火在很大程度上只是一种象征,重点已转向祭祖以及全家人一起制作 che troi nuoc 的过程。

    该节日定于农历三月初三。在公历中,它通常落在三月下旬或四月,与雄王节相隔很近,因此那几周充满了纪念的气氛。与 Tet(越南春节)或中秋节不同,Tet Han Thuc 并不受全国关注。这里没有灯笼,也没有街头表演。它安静、居家,如果你正在旅行,很容易完全错过。

    什么是 Che Troi Nuoc

    Che troi nuoc 是一道用心制作的简单美食。外皮由“bot nep”(糯米粉)制成,加入适量的水揉搓至光滑柔软,质地介于橡皮泥和新鲜马苏里拉奶酪之间。馅料通常是甜绿豆沙,即“nhan dau xanh”,不过南方的一些家庭会加入一点糖冬瓜条或少许烤芝麻来增加口感。

    圆子被揉成核桃大小,然后放入沸水中煮。当它们浮起来时就说明熟了——这就是“troi nuoc”的由来,字面意思是“漂浮在水上”。它们会被盛入碗中,淋上姜味糖浆,有时还会加上一勺“nuoc cot dua”(浓椰浆)和少许烤芝麻。

    成品口感软糯,带有淡淡的嚼劲,甜度适中,姜味暖胃。它并不华丽,却是在特定语境下非常有意义的食物——在家里享用,由多双手共同制作,在任何人动筷子之前,先供奉在祖先祭坛上。

    在越南会安(Hoi An)充满活力的街头美食场景中,色彩缤纷的越南甜点碗。

    图片来源:Nguyễn Thị Thảo Hà (Ha Nguyen) on Pexels

    值得了解的地区差异

    正如大多数事物一样,越南南北方对 che troi nuoc 的处理方式略有不同。

    在河内和北方,圆子通常是纯白色的,个头较小。糖浆味道较淡,椰子味不浓,姜味是主导。家庭有时还会准备“banh troi”——即不包馅的小圆子,搭配椰丝和糖食用,而不是糖浆。

    在西贡和整个湄公河三角洲地区,椰浆味更浓,糖浆也更甜。有些版本会在面团中加入斑兰叶,使其呈现淡淡的绿色并带有草本清香。在北方,这一天你还会发现“banh chay”——这是一种比 banh troi 更大、更软的版本,里面有更扎实的绿豆馅,尽管 banh chay 和 che troi nuoc 之间的界限因人而异。

    在顺化,不出所料,其呈现方式更为精致。圆子大小更均匀,糖浆比例更平衡,整道菜以该城市对待大多数饮食传统的那种严谨态度呈现在餐桌上。

    为什么圆子会漂浮(以及这为何重要)

    漂浮不仅仅是物理现象,它还承载着意义。在越南语中,“troi”也带有漂泊、灵魂升华的含义。Che troi nuoc 在被生者享用前会先供奉在祖先祭坛上,这种在水中升起并漂浮的意象与这种精神框架完美契合。越南的食物很少完全脱离仪式背景,这道菜就是一个明显的例子:制作它的动作本身就是祭祀的一部分。

    遵守 Tet Han Thuc 的家庭通常会在早上清洁并重新布置祖先祭坛,准备一盘 che troi nuoc,烧香后再坐下来用餐。整个仪式可能不到两个小时。它不需要去寺庙或游行——只需要面粉、水、绿豆和时间。

    室内文化仪式,展示了传统食品供品和身着传统服装的参与者。

    图片来源:HONG SON on Pexels

    在节日之外寻找 Che Troi Nuoc

    好消息是:你不需要在农历三月去越南也能品尝到 che troi nuoc。它作为一种全年供应的街头小吃存在,特别是在西贡,那里的小型“che”摊位和店面会供应它,以及“che ba ba”、“che chuoi”和其他十几种甜汤,每碗价格约为 15,000–25,000 VND。在河内,banh troi 摊贩最常在 Tet Han Thuc 前后出现,但老城区的一些“hang che”店铺也会常年供应。

    如果你在大叻,可以寻找搭配超浓椰浆的 che troi nuoc——凉爽的气候让一碗热乎乎的甜汤感觉格外舒心。

    实用提示

    Tet Han Thuc 在农历三月初三;请查看农历日历应用程序以获取每年的具体公历日期。如果你想了解该节日的居家一面,在节日期间参加家庭烹饪课程是最直接的方式——河内和会安的几家运营商都提供季节性菜单。制作 che troi nuoc 的原料(糯米粉、干绿豆、棕榈糖、鲜姜)在任何菜市场都能买到,总价远低于 50,000 VND。