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越南送礼文化:红包、压岁钱与生日礼仪 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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越南送礼文化:红包、压岁钱与生日礼仪

了解越南的“li xi”(红包)、生日蛋糕以及不成文的送礼规则——从春节奖金到婚礼份子钱。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 10, 20265 min read
Young boy joyfully receives lucky money envelope during Lunar New Year celebration outdoors.
↑ Young boy joyfully receives lucky money envelope during Lunar New Year celebration outdoors.Photo by Fenn on Pexels
Tags
#culture#gifts#li xi#tet#etiquette#weddings#birthdays
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    越南送礼的基本原则

    越南的送礼文化围绕着时机、颜色和象征意义展开。给钱是最稳妥的礼物,通常装在被称为“li xi”(lì xì,即红包)的红色信封里递交,但金额、红包本身,甚至你用哪只手递交都大有讲究。如果弄错了这些细节,你可能会招来厄运——或者至少会引发尴尬的误会。

    春节期间的“li xi”

    “li xi”是在[农历新年](/posts/tet (뗏 (베트남 설날) / 越南春节 / テト (ベトナム旧正月))-lunar-new-year-guide)期间赠送的压岁钱。长辈给小孩和未婚的年轻人发红包;祖父母和父母给他们的孩子发红包。金额因地区和家庭财富而异,但通常每人在50,000到500,000 VND之间。Hanoi和北部地区通常偏保守;Saigon和南部地区往往给得更高。

    红包必须是红色或金色的。绝不能是白色、黑色或蓝色——这些颜色通常与葬礼有关。如果你受邀参加一个家庭的春节庆祝活动,带几个装有崭新纸币的红包是表达尊重的做法。有时主人也会给外国人发 li xi,这是表达欢迎的真诚举动。

    递交红包时一定要用双手。用双手接红包也同样重要。单手接送会被认为是不尊重的表现。

    生日蛋糕与“hat birthday”

    越南 (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム) 的城市地区已经接受了西方的生日蛋糕文化,而“hat birthday”(hát sinh nhật,即唱生日歌)——在工作场所、学校或家庭中唱歌和切蛋糕的传统——现在已成为标配。蛋糕通常是从面包店或超市购买的,而不是自制的。在Hanoi和Saigon,价格从150,000到800,000 VND不等,具体取决于尺寸和设计。

    同事之间的生日派对(sinh nhật)通常会带一个小蛋糕到办公室。如果是你同事的生日,凑50,000–100,000 VND作为共享的蛋糕基金是很正常的。点蜡烛、唱歌和合影是必不可少的仪式。如果寿星切下第一块蛋糕并递给老板或资深同事以示尊敬,请不要感到惊讶。

    家庭生日比春节庆祝活动要低调得多。一个蛋糕、一顿饭,以及给孩子们的“li xi”是典型的形式。成年人之间没有互赠生日礼物的强烈传统——如果非要送点什么,现金是首选。

    带有粉色装饰、玩具和花卉背景的可爱一岁生日蛋糕。

    照片由 Xuân Thống Trần 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    结婚礼物与婚礼上的“li xi”

    越南的结婚请柬通常是红色或金色的卡片。人们期望收到的礼物是现金,装在红包里。金额取决于你们的关系和所在地区:

    • 直系亲属或教父母:500,000–2,000,000 VND
    • 密友或同事:300,000–500,000 VND
    • 泛泛之交:100,000–300,000 VND
    • 年轻未婚宾客:100,000–200,000 VND

    Saigon (사이공 / 西贡 / サイゴン)和Da Nang的礼金通常比农村地区或小城市高出30–50%。在城市白领的婚礼上,好朋友给的份子钱可能会达到1,000,000 VND或更多。

    礼金装在红包里,在婚宴上交给指定的接待人员或收礼人。他们会在礼金簿上记录你的名字和金额——这很重要,因为当你结婚或遇到重大人生事件时,这对夫妇必须回赠同等价值的礼物(作为婚礼的“答谢”礼或请客吃饭)。这不是可选项;这是一项会被记录多年的社交人情债。

    给春节客人和商业伙伴的礼物

    如果你在春节期间去别人家拜访,带些小礼物是很合适的:一盒水果、优质茶叶,或者一瓶中档威士忌或干邑白兰地(300,000–500,000 VND)。避免送钟表(在越南语中发音类似“死”)、雨伞(发音类似“散”)、鞋子或刀叉餐具。

    在商业场合,雇主有时会给员工发放春节“礼物”(称为“quà Tết”)。这些通常是象征性的物品——茶、咖啡,或者根据资历发放500,000–2,000,000 VND的小额现金奖金。收到这样的礼物很正常,并非贿赂;这是一种节日礼节。

    颜色与数字禁忌

    除了红包,颜色也很有讲究:

    • 红色 / 金色:好运、繁荣、幸福
    • 白色:葬礼、哀悼
    • 黑色:死亡、厄运
    • 绿色:不忠或不敬(在某些语境下)
    • 蓝色:悲伤

    数字同样具有分量。八是吉利的(发音类似“发”)。四是不吉利的(发音类似“死”)。如果你要送钱,请避免以四结尾或仅由4,000或400,000组成的金额。

    一群穿着越南传统奥黛的人在婚礼仪式上交换红包。

    照片由 Hồng Xuân Viên 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    礼品包装与赠送方式

    用红色或金色的包装纸将礼物包好。用双手递交并微微鞠躬。如果收礼人当场打开,留意他们的反应——有些人会当面拆开,而另一些人出于礼貌更喜欢稍后拆开,以避免礼物不够贵重时产生尴尬。

    如果有人没有当着你的面拆开礼物,请不要感到被冒犯。这通常是一种避免与其他礼物进行比较的礼貌做法。

    什么时候不该送礼

    如果你受邀参加越南的葬礼,请不要带礼物。保持安静和恭敬,以尊重家属的悲痛。白花是传统习俗;红包则是绝对的禁忌。

    在一些正式晚宴或商务会议上,主人可能会在你第一次或第二次递上礼物时礼貌地拒绝。你可以温和地再坚持一次,如果他们再次拒绝,请尊重他们的决定。拒绝有时是表达“有你的情谊就足够了”的一种方式。

    常见问题解答

    春节红包里应该包多少压岁钱?

    给儿童和未婚年轻人的 li xi 金额通常在每人50,000到500,000 VND之间。具体金额取决于你们的关系、所在地区和家庭财富。Hanoi 和北部地区往往偏低;Saigon 和南部地区则偏高。一定要使用崭新的纸币,并用双手递交红色或金色的红包——绝不能用白色、黑色或蓝色的信封。

    在越南,婚礼份子钱一般给多少?

    预期的金额取决于你与新人的关系。直系亲属或教父母通常给500,000–2,000,000 VND;密友或同事给300,000–500,000 VND;泛泛之交给100,000–300,000 VND。Saigon 和 Da Nang 比农村地区高出30–50%。将现金装入红包,并在婚宴接待处交给收礼人——你的名字和金额将被记录在礼金簿上,作为一项会被追踪的社交人情债。

    在越南,什么时候给别人 li xi 比较合适?

    li xi 主要在春节(农历新年)期间赠送。长辈给小孩和未婚的年轻人发红包;祖父母和父母给他们的孩子发红包。在婚礼上,装在红包里的现金也是标配。至于生日,成年人之间没有强烈的送礼传统——如果非要送点什么,现金是首选。办公室生日通常是每位同事凑50,000–100,000 VND作为共享的蛋糕基金,而不是单独送礼。

    总结

    在越南,送礼与其说是看重物品本身,不如说是看重尊重、时机以及对传统的遵守。装在红包里的钱几乎永远是最稳妥的。如果你不确定,可以问问越南朋友——他们会很感激你想要入乡随俗的用心。