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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · north

Banh Chung:历史、馅料与正宗品尝指南

这款出现在每一个越南北部春节餐桌上的方形糯米糕,背后有着4000年的传说故事——本文将为您解析其馅料、制作工艺及品尝地点。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Delicious Vietnamese rice cake wrapped in leaves, paired with a savory dipping sauce.
↑ Delicious Vietnamese rice cake wrapped in leaves, paired with a savory dipping sauce.Photo by Pew Nguyen on Pexels
Tags
#banh chung#deep dive#guide#food#tet#rice cake#street food#hanoi
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最后更新 · Jun 27, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    Banh Duc: A Complete Guide to the Soft Rice Cake That Never Gets Old

    Banh chung 不仅仅是节日食物。如果你问越南北方人什么最能代表他们的文化,他们一定会毫不犹豫地指向这道菜。了解它,比参观大多数博物馆更能让你读懂越南。

    形状背后的传说

    其起源可以追溯到雄王时代——即每年春天通过雄王节纪念的半神话时期。雄王六世的第十八个儿子朗辽王子(Prince Lang Lieu)是所有王子中最贫穷的,当国王要求儿子们准备一道配得上天地的菜肴时,他买不起珍贵的食材。他梦见用糯米——这片土地上最诚实、最丰饶的食物——制作两种糕点:一种是圆的,象征天;一种是方的,象征地。

    国王在众王子呈上的奢华贡品中,唯独选中了朗辽的糕点。方形的糕点便成了 banh chung。而圆形的糕点至今仍在越南南部和中部地区食用,被称为“banh tet”。

    这种形状并非装饰。每一片冬叶(dong leaf,一种来自竹芋科植物的宽大深绿色叶子)的折叠都经过深思熟虑,方形旨在呼应越南人将大地视为平坦、四角平面的概念。当你在春节(Tet)坐下来享用 banh chung 时,从象征意义上讲,你是在品尝大地。

    馅料构成

    正宗的 banh chung 在糯米中包裹着三层核心馅料:去皮绿豆("dau xanh")、肥猪肉("thit lon"),有时还会撒上少许黑胡椒。绿豆需要浸泡、蒸熟并捣成浓稠的泥状。猪肉被切成厚片,通常用鱼露和红葱头稍作腌制。

    糯米本身——"gao nep",即短粒糯米——在组装前需浸泡过夜。它不会进行重口味调味;风味很大程度上来自叶子和馅料。经过长时间的炖煮,冬叶会向糯米中渗入淡淡的草本清香,赋予 banh chung 独特的色泽:一种深沉、哑光的橄榄绿色,这是香蕉叶或保鲜膜无法达到的效果。

    此外还有变体。"Banh chung gac" 将普通糯米换成了混合了木鳖果("gac")果肉的糯米,这使外观呈现出迷人的铁锈红色,并增加了一丝甜味——这在婚礼和春节初期非常常见。素食家庭则会制作 "Banh chung chay",用更多的绿豆或蘑菇代替猪肉。一些北方的农村生产者会在馅料中加入芋头或栗子,尽管河内的传统主义者认为这完全没必要。

    在充满活力的越南春节庆典上,老妇人们正在准备传统食物。

    图片来源:Vyvan BÙI VY VÂN,来自 Pexels

    制作工艺

    制作 banh chung 是一项家庭协作工程。叶子以十字交叉的方式铺在方形木模具内。先放入糯米,接着是绿豆泥,然后是一块猪肉,再覆盖绿豆泥,最后铺上糯米。将叶子折叠并用 "lac"(竹条或绳子)以网格状紧紧捆绑,以确保在烹饪过程中保持方形。

    糕点需在大锅中炖煮——而非蒸制——八到十二个小时。通宵炖煮是传统,在河内(Hanoi)北部的村庄,你依然可以看到家家户户在农历腊月二十八、二十九的夜晚守着柴火。长时间的烹饪将各层食材融合为一个紧实、微粘的整体,切开时断面整齐。

    煮好后,糕点会被压在一块重木板下,以挤出多余的水分并使形状紧实。一个制作精良的 banh chung 在拆开和切开时应能保持形状,边缘的糯米紧实,中间的绿豆层呈淡黄色且细腻平滑。

    为什么它在春节如此重要

    春节期间,banh chung 被摆放在祖先祭坛上,旁边是水果、香烛和米酒。它必须先祭祀后食用。这种顺序很重要——这道菜首先是一份礼物,然后才是一顿餐食。

    从实用角度来看,banh chung 的设计初衷就是为了耐储存。存放在阴凉处(现代也可冷藏),制作得当的糕点可以保存两到三周。在过去节日期间厨房使用受限的日子里,这种耐储存性至关重要。如今,人们依然喜欢在春节的第四或第五天将剩余的糕点切片煎食——外皮变得酥脆,内部更加软糯,口感甚至比刚煮好时更胜一筹。

    在越南槟椥省春节庆祝活动中供应的传统 Banh Chung 特写。

    图片来源:Nguyen Truong Khang,来自 Pexels

    在哪里可以品尝到正宗版本

    Tranh Khuc 村,河内郊区

    Tranh Khuc 村距离还剑湖以南约 10 公里,几代人以来一直从事 banh chung 的制作,在春节期间供应河内大部分市场。在非节日期间,一些家庭仍接受预订。使用正宗冬叶手工包裹的糕点价格约为每个 50,000–70,000 VND。建议提前致电。

    同春市场(Dong Xuan Market),河内老城区

    同春市场底层的食品摊位和周围的街头小贩全年都有销售 banh chung。质量参差不齐——请寻找颜色均匀、按压时感觉紧实的糕点,不要选太软的。价格在 35,000–50,000 VND 左右。越接近春节,货源越新鲜。

    巴亭广场区域的小贩,河内

    巴亭广场周围的街道和附近的镇国寺(Tran Quoc Pagoda)社区聚集了一批可靠的传统食品摊位,供应来自北方供应商的 banh chung。如果你正在参观文庙或一柱寺,你一定会经过这些摊位。

    实用小贴士

    越南各地的超市都有真空包装的 banh chung 出售,但口感会打折扣——糯米会变得硬度不均,叶子的清香也会消失。如果你想带回家,用原叶包裹、装在密封袋里的新鲜煮熟的糕点可以经受住 24 小时的旅途。切糕点时,用绳子代替刀可以切得更干净:将绳子绕在糕点上,然后用力拉过即可。