Last updated · May 21, 2026 · independently researched, never sponsored.
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Com lam是将糯米装入新鲜竹筒、用香蕉叶封口后架在明火上慢慢炙烤而成的竹筒饭,是越南北部高地最具代表性的传统美食之一,技法质朴,却深深根植于岱依族、芒族和苗族的烹饪传统之中。

Last updated · May 21, 2026 · independently researched, never sponsored.
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所谓"com lam",是将米装入新鲜砍下的竹筒,以香蕉叶封口,架在明火上缓慢炙烤而成。成品是一截带着淡淡竹香烟气的糯米筒,在桌边剥开,用手直接取食。这种食物的味道,完全就是它生长的那片土地的味道。
制作com lam必须用嫩绿的竹子——老竹干燥易裂,无法胜任。高地的厨师会挑选一段约30至40厘米长、底部保留一个天然竹节的竹筒,竹节起到封底蓄水的作用。糯米提前浸泡一夜,有时拌入椰浆或少许盐,松松地填入竹筒(填得太紧,米饭受热不均)。筒口塞入卷好的香蕉叶,然后将竹筒以小角度斜靠在硬木炭火上——不是明焰,而是炭火——烤制45分钟至一小时。
竹筒在火上滋滋作响,表面渐渐炭化。筒内,竹节与香蕉叶共同封住蒸汽,使米饭从四面同时受热。竹壁将一股淡淡的木质清香与草木气息渗入米中,这是任何电饭锅都无法复制的风味。烤好后,像剥树皮一样剥去焦黑的外层,露出包裹在薄薄一层竹膜内的白色米筒,直接食用。
居住在越南东北高地的岱依族——主要聚居于Ha Giang及Cao Bang一带的谷地——做的com lam只用白糯米,搭配"thang co"一同食用。Thang co是一种慢炖马肉汤,对大多数初次品尝的人来说颇具挑战性。他们的做法朴素厚实,淀粉感十足,原本就是为了在田间劳作或翻山越岭的漫长一天提供支撑。
芒族的聚居地延伸至和平省及红河三角洲的山地边缘,他们倾向于在竹筒中加入椰浆,烤出的米饭更为香浓微甜。Mai Chau附近的芒族集市上,竹筒饭按筒出售,每筒约15,000至20,000越南盾,现烤现卖,出锅时还带着余温。
在Sapa及周边地区,com lam虽已适应游客口味,但在优质民宿中依然保持着正宗做法。当地的黑苗族和红瑶族通常将其与香茅辣椒腌制的烤猪排搭配食用,或配上薄切的"thit lon cap nach"——这是一种散养于山腰村寨的土猪,肉质比低地猪种更瘦更深,风味接近野猪。
在Ha Giang梯田谷地,尤其是同文和美发地区,com lam出现在每周日的少数民族集市上,与熏水牛肉和玉米酒同台亮相。玉米酒——"ruou ngo"——是标配饮品:劲道十足,略带酸味,盛在废旧塑料瓶里倒出来喝。

图片来源:Tuan Vy,摄于Pexels
最靠谱的com lam,往往在民宿而非餐厅。这道菜需要明火和新鲜竹子,市区大多数餐厅两样都不具备。在Sapa,Cat Cat和Ta Van村的民宿经常将竹筒饭作为套餐晚餐的一部分,含在住宿价格内(通常每人150,000至250,000越南盾,含全部餐食)。建议提前询问——并非每家民宿每晚都有供应。
Ha Giang市区的陈兴道街集市,从清早就有摊贩出售现成的com lam。若想亲眼看到它在炭火上烤制的过程,同文的周日集市是最佳去处——从Ha Giang城区沿Ha Giang环线公路行驶约150公里即可到达。那里的摊贩可以当场按需烤制,现做现卖。
如果途经Mai Chau,山谷里靠近乐村主路的晨间集市上,芒族妇女会出售竹筒饭,同时摆放着香蕉叶裹蒸糯米和烤玉米。备上40,000至60,000越南盾,足以凑成一顿丰盛的简单早餐。
Com lam淀粉感强,口味中性,带有淡淡烟熏气,需要与有层次感的食物搭配。烤肉是最自然的选择:猪肉、鸡肉或水牛肉,均以南姜和鱼露腌制,架在同一堆炭火上烤熟。"Cha nuong"——内裹香草、香蕉叶包裹的烤猪肉肠——与竹筒饭尤为相配。蘸料通常是辣椒、盐,再挤入当地小青柠的汁(比低地品种小,酸度更高),可以解腻提鲜。
高地餐食中鲜少出现汤品,这与Hanoi以pho为核心的早餐文化大相径庭。竹筒饭是主碳水,烤肉才是重头戏。如果条件允许,建议用手直接取食——剥开竹筒、掰下一块糯米的触感本身,就是这道食物魅力的一半所在。

图片来源:Vietnam Tri Duong Photographer,摄于Pexels
离开越南后,也可以对com lam进行近似还原,只需做一些调整。食材方面需要糯米(各类东南亚食材店均有售),以及从亚洲园艺供应商处购买的新鲜竹段。若实在找不到竹子,也可以用香蕉叶紧紧卷成筒状,用厨房棉绳扎好,放入180°C的烤箱烤40分钟代替。香蕉叶版本少了竹子的香气,但能做出口感不错的压制糯米。糯米至少浸泡6小时,每100克米加盐和一汤匙椰浆调味,松松地填入筒中。成品虽与原版不尽相同,但那份质感,以及在餐桌上一层层剥开的仪式感,依然保留着原版的几分神韵。
如果能取得新鲜竹子,做法几乎可以原样照搬。务必使用绿竹,烤制前先将竹筒外壁在水中浸泡30分钟,炭火保持小而稳定。
Com lam在4月至10月间最易觅得,此时高地集市活跃,前往Ha Giang和Sapa的道路也最为畅通。民宿之外,城市餐厅中很难找到这道菜——Hanoi古城区内有几家高地菜馆,但水准参差不齐。如有可能,还是直接去产地寻味。