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Com Tam:西贡的招牌碎米饭,从码头工人到CNN的推荐 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · south · ho-chi-minh-city

Com Tam:西贡的招牌碎米饭,从码头工人到CNN的推荐

西贡标志性的碎米饭最初是 Binh Dong 码头工人的能量来源。如今,从路边摊到酒店餐厅,它已成为全天候的主食,并获得了CNN和亚洲纪录大全的认可。

By the Wayfarer teamFeb 20, 20264 min read
Com tam
↑ Com tamImage via Wikipedia (Com tam, CC BY-SA)
Tags
#com tam#broken rice#saigon#street food#grilled pork#district 6#district 11
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    碎米饭如何成为 Saigon 的标志性美食

    “Com tam (껌땀 / 碎米饭 / コムタム)”——字面意思是“碎米”——是 Saigon 人在早上7点、中午、晚上6点甚至午夜都会享用的美食。它的核心组合包括:碎米(碾米过程中碎裂的米粒)、烤猪排、煎蛋和酸甜口味的“nuoc mam”(鱼露)。不同的变体还会加入蒸蛋肉饼(“cha trung”)、猪皮丝(“bi”)、腌菜和葱油。

    这道菜的历史可以追溯到靠近 Cho Lon(如今的第六郡)Tau Hu 运河旁 Binh Dong 码头的搬米工人。在卸下 Mekong Delta (메콩 델타 / 湄公河三角洲 / メコンデルタ) 的货物后,工人们会把散落在碾米机周围的碎米清扫起来——它比完整的米便宜,每公斤的饱腹感稍弱,但非常适合劳工的预算。这种实用的餐食就这样流传了下来。到了20世纪20年代,街头小贩开始将其卖给码头工人。到了70年代,像第十一郡的 Com Tam Thuan Kieu 这样的餐馆,正式确立了“烤排骨+蒸蛋肉饼+猪皮丝”的经典搭配,这也成为了如今这道菜的标配。

    2012年,CNN 称其为“诱人且实惠的街头美食”。同年,亚洲纪录大全认可了 Saigon 的 Com Tam 的烹饪价值,与另外九道越南菜一同入选。俗话说:“Saigon 人吃 Com Tam,就像 Hanoi 人吃‘[Pho](/posts/pho-vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)-noodle-soup-guide)’一样。”

    什么是“碎米”——以及它为何与众不同

    碎米(tam)是工业碾磨过程中断裂的米粒胚芽和米糠尖端。它比完整的米粒更白、更硬,但煮熟后也更香,带有淡淡的甜味——这是米粒中最具风味的部分。历史上,小贩们使用的是来自 Long An 省的 Tai Nguyen 碎米。近年来,一些高档餐厅改用了来自 Soc Trang 的 ST25 大米,这是一个屡获国际大奖的品种。

    传统做法:用柴火在陶锅或铸铁锅中烹煮。将碎米加入沸水中,搅拌,随着水分蒸发调小火候,翻松,然后在余烬上慢煨至干爽蓬松。现代的快捷做法:将米粒浸泡几个小时,然后蒸熟。评判标准:干爽、柔软、微甜,有一定的结实度,能用勺子舀起而不显得黏糊。

    停在绯牡丹(Gymnocalycium mihanovichii)上的狭腹灰蜻(Orthetrum sabina),越南 Ho Chi Minh City,2013-08-14,DD 02

    图片由 Diego Delso 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    必不可少的配菜

    烤猪排(“suon nuong”): 用糖和鱼露腌制(每个摊位都有自己的秘制比例),在炭火上烤至边缘微焦、油脂溢出。外酥里嫩。许多小贩会在店门前烧烤——那烟雾和滋滋作响的声音就是最好的活招牌。

    蒸蛋肉饼(“cha trung”): 将猪肉碎、鸡蛋、粉丝、木耳和葱花混合,放入模具中蒸熟。切成长方形薄片或扇形块,盖在米饭上。

    猪皮丝(“bi”): 煮熟的猪皮刮去油脂,切成细丝,挤干水分,拌入烤米粉(“thinh”)。口感劲道爽脆,味道清淡——它的存在是为了增加口感的层次。

    “Nuoc mam pha”(特调鱼露): 这道菜的灵魂。鱼露、糖、辣椒、水、青柠和大蒜,调制出酸甜咸的完美平衡。吃的时候要把它浇在米饭上,而不是用来蘸。有些摊位还会再淋上一勺葱油或酥脆的猪油渣。

    腌菜: 胡萝卜和白萝卜丝、腌芥菜,或是新鲜的黄瓜和西红柿。旁边还会配上一小碗蔬菜清汤。

    吃 Com Tam 时要像吃西餐一样使用勺子和叉子,而不是筷子——这是20世纪70年代遗留下来的习惯,当时小贩们为了吸引更富有的食客和外国人,开始用更大的盘子来盛装。

    白睡莲(Nymphaea alba),越南 Ho Chi Minh City,2013-08-14,DD 01

    图片由 Diego Delso 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    地方风味与现代创新

    Long Xuyen 风味: 用较薄的卤肉片代替厚实的 Saigon 烤排骨。猪皮丝和卤蛋切得更小。鱼露的味道更甜。

    素食版本: 用酱油代替鱼露。用烤蘑菇或豆腐代替猪肉。

    酒店和高档餐厅菜单: 加入酿鱿鱼、红烧鱼、烤鸡、“thit kho tau”(焦糖卤肉蛋)。分量变小,摆盘更精致,价格则是原来的三倍。

    大多数摊位允许你单点分量和配菜——比如小份米饭只加排骨、大份米饭加全套配菜、加个蛋、不要猪皮丝等等。

    何时何地去品尝

    在 Saigon,Com Tam 是一种24小时不间断的美食。早餐(早上6点至9点)、午餐(上午11点至下午1点)、晚餐(下午5点至晚上8点),以及午夜后专为摩托车司机和夜班工人准备的“幽灵 Com Tam”。你能在狭窄的巷弄厨房、摆着塑料凳子的路边摊,以及带有空调、提供过胶菜单的临街商铺里找到它的身影。

    最地道的摊位不接受预订,也没有英文招牌。只需寻找炭火烤架、成群的上班族或学生,以及焦糖化猪油的香气。在路边摊,一份全套碎米饭的价格大约在 30,000 到 50,000 VND 之间;而在正规餐厅,价格则在 80,000 到 150,000 VND 之间。

    Com Tam 最初只是搬米工人能凑合吃到的最廉价的一餐。如今,它已成为盛在盘子里的 Saigon 身份象征——大众化、快捷、令人满足,任何只要有 40,000 VND 和十分钟空闲的人都能享用。