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  3. 越南无麸质饮食:生存指南
🇨🇳 Food & Drink · all

越南无麸质饮食:生存指南

越南是东南亚对无麸质饮食相对友好的国家之一,但酱料和腌料中隐藏的小麦成分意味着你仍需保持警惕。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
A vibrant Vietnamese food platter featuring traditional dishes like spring rolls and sausages.
↑ A vibrant Vietnamese food platter featuring traditional dishes like spring rolls and sausages.Photo by FOX ^.ᆽ.^= ∫ on Pexels
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#dietary#food#gluten free#street food#travel tips#rice#noodles#sauces
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    越南(Vietnam)的饮食以大米为核心。米粉、米纸、米浆煎饼、蒸米饭——这里的主食并非小麦,这对需要无麸质饮食的你来说是非常大的优势。但“天然友好”并不等同于“无需顾虑”,每次旅行中都有几个特定的陷阱会让游客措手不及。

    好消息:大米无处不在

    越南烹饪的支柱默认是不含麸质的。“Pho”(牛肉或鸡肉米粉汤)是支撑起从 Hanoi 到 Saigon 早餐的主角,使用的是扁米粉(banh pho)。“Bun cha”(来自河内的烤肉米粉)则以细圆米粉为基础。“Bun bo Hue”(越南中部口味较重的米粉汤)也是如此。“Goi cuon”(用米纸包裹虾和香草的鲜虾春卷)只要不蘸海鲜酱(下文详述),完全不含小麦。“Banh xeo”(来自越南中南部的滋滋作响的煎饼)由米粉和椰奶制成,不含小麦。

    在市场和街头厨房里,大米是默认主食。“Com tam”(碎米饭)搭配烤肉、鸡蛋和腌菜,是你在 Saigon 几乎每个街区都能找到的安全且管饱的选择。如果你在 Hoi An,情况会复杂一些——“cao lau”的面条传统上是用当地井水和木灰碱水制作的,但许多现代版本中混入了小麦,所以点餐前请务必询问。

    麸质藏在哪里

    问题通常不在于核心食材,而在于配料。

    酱油

    这是主要的罪魁祸首。标准酱油(nuoc tuong)含有小麦。它常出现在烤肉的腌料、蘸酱以及炒菜中。“Mi quang”(来自 Da Nang 的姜黄拌面)虽然使用米粉,但根据厨师的不同,肉汤和配料可能会用到含大豆的调味料。

    越南餐厅几乎没有 Tamari(无麦酱油),所以你无法进行替代——你必须要求餐点完全不加酱油,或者寻找只使用鱼露和盐的餐厅。

    鱼露

    “Nuoc cham”(由鱼露、青柠、糖、大蒜和辣椒制成的万能蘸酱)是不含麸质的。纯鱼露(nuoc mam)也不含麸质。然而,廉价的鱼露品牌和某些调味混合料会使用水解小麦蛋白作为增味剂。在高档餐厅这种情况较少见,但在 25,000 VND 一碗的街头摊位,你无法得知成分。对于轻度敏感者,这通常不是问题;但对于乳糜泻患者,这一点值得注意。

    Banh Mi 和 Cha Gio

    “Banh mi”是法棍面包,请避开。而“Cha gio”(炸春卷)通常是用小麦粉皮包裹,而非米纸。虽然存在米纸版本,但并非随处可见。请务必询问。

    蚝油和“特制腌料”

    蚝油含有小麦。它常用于炒菜、烤鸡肉和某些 bo luc lac(摇摇牛肉)食谱中。当菜单上出现“sot dac biet”(特制酱料)且没有进一步说明时,请默认其含有小麦,除非得到确认。

    Banh Cuon

    “Banh cuon”(蒸米卷,内馅为猪肉末和蘑菇)听起来很安全,大部分情况下也确实如此。外皮是米粉做的,但内馅有时会加入含酱油的调味料,且搭配的 cha lua(猪肉卷)可能含有淀粉粘合剂。风险较低,但并非为零。

    河内繁忙街头市场上色彩鲜艳的新鲜农产品展示。

    图片来源:Hồng Quang Official on Pexels

    你的短语手册

    这些短语会很有帮助。写在手机上给厨房工作人员看:

    • "Toi khong an bot mi" — 我不吃小麦粉。
    • "Khong co nuoc tuong" — 不要酱油。
    • "Toi di ung bot mi" — 我对小麦粉过敏。(针对乳糜泻患者,请使用此句以示严重性。)
    • "Co bot mi trong nay khong?" — 这里面含有小麦粉吗?
    • "Chi dung nuoc mam va muoi thoi" — 请只用鱼露和盐。

    在 Hanoi、Da Nang(岘港)、Hoi An 和 Saigon,面向游客的餐厅工作人员对饮食禁忌的了解比五年前好多了。在没有英文菜单的纯本地店,短语手册至关重要。

    饮品提醒

    “越南咖啡”和“ca phe sua da”(加炼乳的冰咖啡)是不含麸质的。“Bia hoi”(路边摊供应的桶装生啤)在很多情况下是用大米酿造的,但并非总是如此;像 Saigon 或 Hanoi 品牌的标准拉格啤酒使用大麦麦芽,不属于无麸质。莲花茶和大多数越南草本茶是安全的。

    盘中盛放着鲜虾蔬菜的越南春卷特写。

    图片来源:Quang Nguyen Vinh on Pexels

    餐厅与市场

    在大城市,专门的无麸质餐厅很少,但意识正在提高。最稳妥的策略是选择那些明火现做的餐厅——如 Pho 店、米粉摊、烤肉摊,而不是选择放在保温桶里的预制菜。像 Saigon 的 Ben Thanh 市场或 Hanoi 的 Dong Xuan 市场,那里有可以直接观察厨师操作并进行沟通的摊位,这比试图询问印好的菜单要容易得多。

    如果拿不准,在一家现点现做的店里点一碗不加额外调料的 Pho,是你能在越南吃到的最安全的餐点之一。

    总结

    越南以大米为主的饮食文化为无麸质旅行者提供了真正的优势——基础饮食已经站在了你这一边。你需要做的是识别腌料和炒菜中可能出现的酱油、蚝油和含小麦的加工食品。学会那两三个关键短语,记住主要的违禁品,你就能吃得非常好。

    越南无麸质饮食:生存指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer