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U Minh Ha 国家公园:Ca Mau 白千层荒野旅行指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · south · ca-mau

U Minh Ha 国家公园:Ca Mau 白千层荒野旅行指南

U Minh Ha 国家公园保护着湄公河三角洲最后一片广袤的白千层林。本文将为您介绍这里的风景、交通方式以及大多数游客容易犯的错误。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 19, 20266 min read
A vibrant swamp forest with tall cypress trees and lush greenery, perfect for nature lovers.
↑ A vibrant swamp forest with tall cypress trees and lush greenery, perfect for nature lovers.Photo by Mick Haupt on Pexels
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#vuon quoc gia u minh ha#ca mau#south#destinations#national park#mekong delta#nature#birdwatching
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Last updated · May 19, 2026 · independently researched, never sponsored.

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    U Minh Ha 国家公园位于越南最南端,距离 Ca Mau 市中心约 30 km。它是两个 U Minh 保护区之一(另一个是位于北部 Kien Giang 省的 U Minh Thuong),它们共同保护着曾经覆盖湄公河三角洲(메콩 델타 / 湄公河三角洲 / メコンデルタ)这一角的广阔泥炭沼泽森林的残存部分。如果你已经一路南下到了 Ca Mau,这座公园绝对值得你多停留一天。

    概况

    U Minh Ha 占地约 8,500 公顷,长满了“tram”(白千层树),这些森林生长在深达数米的泥炭层上。这里的生态系统非常独特:积水泥炭层上生长着淡水沼泽林,是数十种鸟类、野猪、水獭、蛇(非常多的蛇)和淡水鱼的栖息地。该公园于2006年被指定为国家公园,尽管经过数十年的战时落叶剂破坏和战后土地开垦,这片森林几乎被毁,但自20世纪80年代以来,它一直处于宽松的保护之下。

    这里的白千层林没有高山流水那般壮丽。它平坦、茂密且宁静。它的魅力在于其奇特之处——划船穿过被水淹没的森林,水被腐烂泥炭中的单宁染成了浓茶色。空气中弥漫着桉树的清香。这是越南(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)极南部少数几个仍然让人感觉真正偏远的地方之一。

    游客为何而来

    大多数到达 Ca Mau 的外国游客都是为了去 Dat Mui(金瓯角)看看越南的最南端。U Minh Ha 自然成了第二站,老实说,它其实更有趣。观鸟者为了水鸟群而来——鹭、鸬鹚、鹳——尤其是在繁殖季节。其他人则是为了体验在水上森林中划独木舟的新奇感。还有少数人是为了打卡越南的国家公园。无论出于什么原因,这里很少拥挤。在工作日,你可能只会和少数几个国内游客共享这座公园,再无他人。

    最佳游玩时间

    雨季(大约7月至11月)是森林被水淹没的时候,也是公园最上镜的时候。水位上涨到足以让你划着小船深入白千层林。这也是鸟群最活跃的时候。缺点是:蚊子很凶猛,而且每天下午都会有倾盆大雨。

    旱季(12月至4月)水位下降,可以通过高架栈道和土路步行进入森林,但火灾风险也会随之增加——在过去的旱季中,泥炭火灾曾破坏过公园的部分区域。3月和4月的天气可能会酷热难耐。

    最佳时机:9月至11月初。水位高,鸟类活跃,早晨稍微凉爽一些。

    越南 Can Tho Cai Rang 水上市场色彩缤纷的传统船只。

    图片由 Duy Nguyen 摄,来自 Pexels

    交通方式

    从 Saigon 出发,最实用的路线是飞往 Ca Mau 机场(约 1 小时,搭乘越南航空或越竹航空单程票价约 800,000–1,500,000 VND,但航班班次有限)。或者,从 Saigon 的 Mien Tay 车站乘坐巴士——车程 7–8 小时,票价约 200,000–280,000 VND。

    从 Ca Mau 市区出发,U Minh Ha 位于西南约 30 km 处,可骑摩托车(45 分钟)或乘坐出租车(单程约 250,000–350,000 VND)前往。全程都是铺设好的柏油路。如果你在 Ca Mau 租了摩托车,路线非常简单——朝 Tran Van Thoi 县方向行驶,然后沿着 Vuon Quoc Gia U Minh Ha 的路标走即可。没有直达公园入口的公共巴士。

    游玩项目

    划独木舟穿过水上森林

    这是重头戏。公园工作人员会驾驶木制小船(或者你也可以在游客中心租一艘皮划艇式的独木舟),带你穿过白千层树冠下的狭窄水道。带导游的乘船游览每人约 100,000–150,000 VND。水浅而平静——没有急流,没有惊险刺激,只有在苍白的树皮和狭长的树叶交织成的穹顶下,在茶色的水面上缓慢滑行。根据路线不同,行程大约持续 1–2 小时。

    漫步高架木栈道

    纵横交错的高架木栈道穿过森林较干燥的区域,途经可以近距离观察分层泥炭土的地段。解说牌(大部分为越南语,部分带有英文摘要)介绍了这里的生态系统。走完整个环线大约需要 40 分钟。

    参观采蜜区

    U Minh Ha 拥有悠久的采摘野蜂蜜的传统——当地人在森林里悬挂木板来吸引蜜蜂,然后手工采摘蜂巢。公园的部分区域会展示这种做法,你可以在入口区买到新鲜的“mat ong”(野蜂蜜)。根据大小,一瓶价格在 150,000–250,000 VND 之间。它比市面上的蜂蜜更稀,花香味也更浓。

    黎明观鸟

    如果你在附近过夜,可以安排清晨(早上 6:30 之前)乘船前往鸟类保护区。鹭和鸬鹚群栖息在白千层树顶,黎明时分——成百上千只鸟从树冠上腾空而起的景象——绝对令人叹为观止。

    与当地人一起捕鱼

    一些船夫会提供短暂的传统“捕鱼体验”——基本上就是把挂着诱饵的鱼线扔进沼泽水道里。你可能钓不到什么鱼,但导游很有趣,这也是一个在水上多待一会儿的好借口。

    附近美食

    公园本身并没有真正的餐厅——只有游客中心的一个小食堂,出售碟头饭和饮料。想吃得更好,可以在游览前后去 Ca Mau 市区就餐。

    Ca Mau 以几道值得一试的当地菜肴而闻名。“Bun nuoc leo”是这里的招牌——米粉泡在由发酵鱼和猪肉熬制的浓汤中,上面铺着烤猪肉和新鲜香草。你可以在 Ly Thuong Kiet 街沿线的小店里找到它。“Lau mam”(发酵鱼火锅)是 Ca Mau 的另一道主食,最适合与朋友共享。在当地餐厅,两到三人的火锅大约需要 150,000–250,000 VND。如果你喜欢海鲜,Ca Mau 的黑虎虾和青蟹绝对不容错过——比你在 Saigon(사이공 / 西贡 / サイゴン)吃到的更便宜、更新鲜。

    乘船在热带运河上宁静航行,周围绿意盎然。

    图片由 Alberto Capparelli 摄,来自 Pexels

    住宿推荐

    大多数游客会选择住在 Ca Mau 市区,然后将公园作为一日游的目的地。Ca Mau 的经济型宾馆每晚价格在 200,000–400,000 VND 之间。中档酒店(Muong Thanh、Anh Nguyet)的价格为 500,000–900,000 VND。如果你想在黎明时分观鸟,公园入口附近有一家简易宾馆,价格约为 300,000 VND,但除了床和风扇之外,别指望有太多设施。

    当地人的实用建议

    • 携带驱蚊剂。雨季的蚊子非常猖獗,尤其是在积水附近。
    • 即使天气很热,也要穿长袖戴帽子。开阔水域的烈日和阴凉处的虫子,绝对值得你为了遮蔽而流点汗。
    • 携带现金。公园内没有 ATM 机,也不接受刷卡支付。
    • 如果你需要会说英语的乘船导游,请提前一天致电公园办公室(大多数 Ca Mau 的酒店都贴有游客中心的电话号码)。直接到场找的导游只会说越南语。
    • 公园门票为 30,000 VND——虽然不贵,但请准备好零钱。

    常见避坑指南

    除非你很早就从 Ca Mau 出发,否则不要试图在同一天游览 U Minh Ha 和 Dat Mui(金瓯角)。这两个景点位于城市相反的方向,匆忙赶场意味着你对两者的体验都会大打折扣。每个地方至少要预留半天时间。

    千万不要跳过乘船游览。光走木栈道是不够的,划独木舟穿梭于水上森林才是此行的精髓。如果水位太低无法行船(旱季末期),说实话,建议你考虑推迟行程。

    不要对这里的湄公河三角洲旅游基础设施抱有太高期望。这里不是 Can Tho,没有水上市场和精致的民宿。Ca Mau 省的外国游客要少得多,在酒店之外很少有人说英语。这也是其魅力的一部分——但请做好准备。