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U Minh Ha 国家公园:泥炭沼泽、猴子与越南的最南端 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · south · ca-mau

U Minh Ha 国家公园:泥炭沼泽、猴子与越南的最南端

U Minh Ha 是东南亚仅存的完整泥炭沼泽森林之一——在越南的最南端,白千层树、食蟹猕猴和半咸水运河共同构成了一个适合乘船慢游的生态系统。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 15, 20264 min read
Experience a tranquil boat ride through a serene swamp landscape in South Carolina.
↑ Experience a tranquil boat ride through a serene swamp landscape in South Carolina.Photo by paloma rodriguez on Pexels
Tags
#ca mau#u minh#national park#mekong#ecotourism#wildlife#mekong delta#boat trips
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Last updated · May 19, 2026 · independently researched, never sponsored.

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    Ca Mau 位于地图的最底端,给人一种真正偏远的感觉——不是那种人造的偏远,而是那种陆地仍在不断演变形成的真实荒野。U Minh Ha 国家公园位于 Ca Mau 市西南约 45 km 处,保护着东南亚仅存的最稀有森林类型之一:一个生态功能完好的泥炭沼泽。

    为什么泥炭沼泽如此重要

    大多数前往湄公河三角洲 (메콩 델타 / 湄公河三角洲 / メコンデルタ) 的游客都会选择留在 Can Tho 或 Ben Tre 周边的果园。很少有人会来到这么靠南的地方,这也是为什么 U Minh Ha 至今仍能保持近乎原始状态的原因之一。泥炭沼泽森林建立在层层半分解的有机物质之上——在这里的某些地方,泥炭深达 2 到 3 米——它起着巨大的碳汇作用。由于单宁酸的缘故,水呈深棕色,像茶水一样,但一旦你的眼睛适应了,就会发现它出奇地清澈。这里看起来像史前时代,从生态学角度来说,它也确实如此。

    U Minh Ha 占地约 8,900 公顷,包括白千层林(当地称为 tram 树)、季节性泛滥的草地和开阔水域。该公园是联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区,与北部 Kien Giang 省更大的 U Minh Thuong 公园相邻——它们共同构成了 Vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム) 现存最重要的泥炭沼泽区。

    如何从 Can Tho 前往

    Can Tho (껀터 / 芹苴 / カントー) 是前往湄公河南部的理想中转站。从 Can Tho 汽车站乘坐卧铺或快速巴士前往 Ca Mau 市——大约需要 4 到 5 小时,票价约为 120,000–150,000 VND。从 Ca Mau 市出发,乘坐 xe om(摩托车出租)或包车前往 Lam Vien U Minh Ha 的公园入口大约需要 45 分钟。Ca Mau 市的大多数客栈都可以帮忙安排司机,往返费用为 300,000–400,000 VND。

    此外,Can Tho 的少数旅行社也提供将 U Minh Ha 和 Mui Ca Mau 结合在一起的过夜游行程——如果你的时间紧迫且觉得交通安排过于繁琐,这非常值得考虑。

    穿越白千层林的乘船路线

    体验公园的主要方式是乘坐平底船穿行于运河网络中。你可以在公园入口处租船——2 小时的环游预计每人花费约 150,000–200,000 VND,不过价格会根据团队人数和季节有所浮动。这些船只狭窄、低矮且行驶安静。

    两侧的白千层树直接从水中笔直生长,由于季节性洪水,它们苍白的树干在水位线处的树皮已被剥落。森林的树冠非常茂密,透进来的光线经过过滤,呈现出淡淡的绿色。起初,你听到的会比看到的更多——青蛙的鸣叫、水鸟的啼声,以及偶尔头顶树枝间传来的某种动物穿梭的沙沙声。

    这里的鸟类生态非常丰富。公园内栖息着白头鹮鹳、黑颈鸬鹚、草鹭以及几种翠鸟。如果你在 11 月至次年 4 月期间(即旱季)来访,此时水位下降,野生动物会集中在运河附近,看到它们的几率会更高。记得带上双筒望远镜。

    乘船在郁郁葱葱的热带运河上进行一趟宁静的旅程。

    照片由 Alberto Capparelli 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    猴群

    U Minh Ha 拥有数量可观的食蟹猕猴种群,而且它们一点也不怕人。船夫知道猴群聚集的地方,通常是在靠近公园内部较高的白千层树林中。猕猴通常以 20 到 40 只为一群活动,当它们在你小船上方的树冠中活跃时,动静相当大。

    一个实用的建议:不要喂它们。这不仅仅是出于抽象的生态原因,而是因为将船只与食物联系起来的猕猴会变得具有攻击性,而在距离任何医院都有一小时车程的沼泽地里被咬伤,绝对会毁了你的整个下午。

    Mui Ca Mau —— 越南的最南端

    既然你已经来到了这里,多花半天时间去一趟 Mui Ca Mau 绝对是值得的。这个海角位于 Ca Mau 市以南约 100 km 处,需要通过公路和水路前往——最后一段路程需乘车穿过 Dat Mui 半岛的虾农场和红树林水道,然后再乘一小段船到达最尖端。

    这里的地标是一座大型纪念碑,标志着越南大陆领土的最南端坐标。从明信片的角度来看,这里的风景并不算壮丽——海岸平坦,边缘长满红树林,且充满着劳作的气息。但当你真正站在一个国家的最底端时,那种感觉是截然不同的。泰国湾在你的左边,东海在你的右边,而陆地就在这里戛然而止。

    Dat Mui 村庄周围有几家简单的客栈和海鲜餐厅,烤蟹和“bun ca”(鱼汤米粉)显然是必点美食。这里的价格很低——两人份的丰盛海鲜大餐只需 200,000–350,000 VND。

    一只好奇的猴子坐在泰国茂密丛林中的竹枝上。

    照片由 Michael Waddle 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    何时前往

    11 月至次年 4 月是旱季,也是观赏野生动物和道路通行的最佳窗口期。雨季(5 月至 10 月)会淹没公园的部分区域,导致一些运河路线无法通行,不过此时森林郁郁葱葱,鸟类筑巢活动也在这一时期的部分时段达到高峰。如果你希望在 Mui Ca Mau 避开拥挤的人群,请避开 Tet(春节)前后的一周——在那个假期,纪念碑会吸引大量的越南国内游客。

    实用提示

    请携带现金——Ca Mau 市内的 ATM 取款很方便,但在公园附近或 Dat Mui 则没有。Ca Mau 市的住宿条件简单但设施齐全,每晚价格在 250,000–500,000 VND 之间。公园内没有英文标识,因此,如果你想了解船夫讲解之外的更多背景信息,提前通过客栈安排一名双语导游是非常值得的。