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越南药房指南:买什么、避开什么以及如何沟通 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Travel Tips · all · hanoi

越南药房指南:买什么、避开什么以及如何沟通

越南的药房出售的大多数药物都不需要处方。本文将告诉你哪些药物对旅行者的肠胃问题、发烧和过敏真正有效,以及应该避免购买哪些药物。

By the Wayfarer teamFeb 21, 20264 min read
Vintage pharmacy shelf filled with old medicine bottles
↑ Vintage pharmacy shelf filled with old medicine bottlesPhoto by Magda Ehlers on Pexels
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#pharmacy#health#medication#travel logistics#first aid
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    越南药房是如何运作的

    走进 Vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム) 的“nha thuoc”(药房)与国内的药房完全不同。你不需要医生处方,也不需要医保卡。你只需指着货架,说明哪里不舒服,就能拎着一袋药片走出来——通常花费不到一美元。

    在 Hanoi、Saigon、Da Nang 以及大多数有游客的城镇,几乎每个街角都有一家药房。许多店员的英语水平足以听懂“我头痛”(I have a headache)或“肠胃不适”(stomach problem)。如果听不懂,使用谷歌翻译(Google Translate)也很快捷。店员通常很热心,不会强行向你推销不必要的抗生素——尽管你确实需要对实际服用的药物有所选择。

    买什么(以及什么有效)

    扑热息痛(Paracetamol)和布洛芬(Ibuprofen)

    这两种药都有多个品牌在售:扑热息痛(被称为“ha sot”或退烧药)通常为 500 mg 的药片。布洛芬很难直接用确切名称找到;请在标签上寻找“ibuprofen”或直接要求买止痛药。标准剂量:每 4–6 小时服用 500 mg 扑热息痛;每天最多 3,000 mg。这些药确实有效,每盒价格在 5,000–15,000 VND 之间。

    抗过敏的抗组胺药

    氯雷他定(Loratadine)和西替利嗪(Cetirizine)很常见。两者都是无嗜睡作用的第二代抗组胺药,比老一代药物安全得多。药剂师通常备有这些药。价格:每盒 10,000–25,000 VND 左右。每天服用一片;无需处方。

    奥美拉唑(Omeprazole)和抗酸药

    如果你正在应对胃酸反流或胃灼热——这在狂吃街头小吃后很常见——奥美拉唑(20 mg 或 40 mg 胶囊)可以随意买到,而且效果很好。早餐前服用一粒胶囊。碳酸钙等抗酸药(相当于“Tums”)也有售,价格更便宜,见效更快。价格:一周的用量大约 20,000–40,000 VND。

    口服补液盐(ORS)

    如果你患上了“旅行者肠胃病”,这是最需要买的东西。越南药房备有“Nuoc ion”等品牌的电解质粉包或普通的口服补液盐。将其与水混合并持续啜饮。价格:每包 2,000–5,000 VND。洛哌丁胺(Loperamide/Imodium,即易蒙停)也可以非处方买到,但通常仅用口服补液盐就足够了——如果是真正的感染,你肯定不想用止泻药把自己堵住。

    甲氧氯普胺(Metoclopramide/Reglan,即胃复安)

    对于恶心和呕吐,药剂师通常会推荐这种药。短期服用是安全的(5–10 mg,每天三次)。见效比你预期的要快。价格:大约 15,000 VND。

    抗生素

    购买这类药物时你需要格外小心。阿莫西林(Amoxicillin)、阿奇霉素(Azithromycin)以及环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin)等氟喹诺酮类药物都可以在没有处方的情况下买到。除非你真的怀疑自己有细菌感染(真正的发烧、化脓、症状严重),否则不要购买。服用不必要的抗生素会导致耐药性,并破坏你的肠道菌群。如果你病得很重,请先去看医生——他们会为你开具对症的药物。

    国际连锁药房

    Pharmacity 是你随处可见的连锁店(Hanoi、Saigon、Da Nang、Hoi An)。店员的英语水平比独立药房好,价格透明,质量稳定。他们备有进口品牌(必理痛 Panadol、苯海拉明 Benadryl 等)以及越南仿制药。价格稍贵,但买得放心。

    Nha Thuoc An Khang 和 mediplus 是另外几家有会说英语的店员的连锁药房。

    如果你住在游客区(Hanoi 的背包客区、Saigon 的第一郡、Hoi An 古镇),通常 100 米内就能找到一家 Pharmacity 或对英语友好的药房。

    越南传统医药大学 - VUTM

    图片由 Amenoc 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    应该从国内带些什么

    如果你有处方药(血压、糖尿病、精神类药物等),请携带 3 个月的用量以及处方复印件。越南的药剂师有时可以为你补充熟悉的品牌,但不要完全依赖这一点。如果随身携带的药物装在印有你名字的原装药瓶中,海关很少会进行检查。

    如果你经常服用止痛药,请带上你偏好的品牌——不是因为这里买不到,而是因为你清楚剂量和自身的耐受性。

    常用药物剂量速查表

    扑热息痛(Paracetamol): 500 mg,每 4–6 小时一次;每天最多 3,000 mg。 布洛芬(Ibuprofen): 200–400 mg,每 6–8 小时一次;每天最多 1,200 mg(非处方剂量)。 西替利嗪(Cetirizine)/氯雷他定(Loratadine): 10 mg,每天一次。 奥美拉唑(Omeprazole): 20 mg,每天一次,早餐前 30 分钟服用。 洛哌丁胺(Loperamide): 第一次稀便后 2 mg,之后每次排便后 1 mg;每天最多 8 mg,最多服用 2 天。

    所有这些药物都附有印制的越南语说明书。可以使用 Google Lens 或谷歌翻译扫描包装盒进行查看。

    美国国际开发署驻越南任务主管 Michael Greene 访问 Hue 医药大学 (36815580933)

    图片由 USAID Vietnam 提供,来自 Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA)

    保险与严重疾病

    如果你是长期停留或持有外籍人士签证,购买国际健康保险是物有所值的——基本保险每月的费用约为 30–60 美元。在国际诊所(Saigon (사이공 / 西贡 / サイゴン) Clinic、American Hospital、Raffles Medical)理赔通常非常简单。这些诊所有会说英语的医生,并备有进口药物。如果没有保险,一次基本就诊的费用为 500,000–1,000,000 VND(20–40 美元)。

    对于慢性疾病,可以找当地的越南医生开具处方;然后药剂师会根据要求为你配药,有时甚至可以无限期配药,而费用只是你在国内药房支付的一小部分。

    应该避免什么

    不要为你不能确定的疾病购买药物。不要“以防万一”而购买抗生素。如果你看不懂,请避免购买只贴有越南语标签的袋装药物——要求查看包装盒。在偏远地区非常便宜的独立小店里,要小心假冒或过期的存货;连锁药房相对更安全。

    如果某种药物便宜得令人生疑(比如一周用量的常用药只要 1,000 VND),请要求查看包装盒并检查保质期。这里真正的仿制药确实很便宜——但便宜得离谱就是一个危险信号。

    实用提示

    药剂师受过专业训练,通常是可靠的;他们不会卖给你危险的东西。不过,最好还是使用谷歌翻译,多问问题,如果你病得很重,请去看医生。一次快速问诊的费用比你在药房盲目买药试错的代价要低。请随身携带现金——许多独立的 nha thuoc(药房)不接受刷卡。