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Vu Lan 素食:越南“鬼月”吃什么 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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Vu Lan 素食:越南“鬼月”吃什么

每逢农历七月,越南的寺庙里便会摆满素食盛宴,供奉祖先。以下是这份节日菜单上的真实菜肴。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Delicious Asian noodle soup with vibrant garnishes captured in a close-up shot.
↑ Delicious Asian noodle soup with vibrant garnishes captured in a close-up shot.Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels
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#regional specialty#food#vegetarian#buddhist#vu lan#ghost month#festivals#street food#pagoda
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    每逢农历七月,越南的饮食习惯就会发生变化。餐馆更换菜单,家庭厨房也会开始一天或整月的素食生活,寺庙庭院里弥漫着慢炖菠萝蜜和烤芝麻的香气。这就是 Vu Lan——佛教的孝亲节,也是祭奠游魂的节日。与之相关的食物,是你在越南各地能找到的最为低调且富有创意的烹饪艺术。

    什么是 Vu Lan

    Vu Lan 在农历七月十五,通常对应公历的八月或九月初。它与东亚和东南亚所说的“鬼月”重叠——传说这是阴间大门开启、祖先回归的时期。越南佛教徒通过祈祷、放灯仪式以及精心准备的素食来纪念这一节日,这些素食既是供品,也是一种积德的方式。在这期间食用“chay”(越南语“素食”,意为“纯净”)被视为一种慈悲的行为——对动物、对游魂,也对自己累积的业力。

    你不必是佛教徒也能在 Vu Lan 期间吃得很好,只要知道去哪里找就行。

    寺庙盛宴:正宗的味道

    最隆重的 Vu Lan 饮食活动发生在寺庙,特别是在农历十四和十五。位于 Hanoi、Saigon、Hue 和 Da Nang 的大型寺庙会准备公共素食餐,向所有到访者开放。这些可不是简单的便餐。

    Vu Lan 期间典型的寺庙餐可能包括“bun rieu chay”——用豆腐和蘑菇汤底完全重构的蟹肉番茄米粉;还有用木耳和粉丝代替猪肉馅的“banh cuon”。餐桌上几乎总会有某种形式的炖菠萝蜜,当它在酱油、南姜和五香粉中炖煮足够长时间后,口感足以媲美慢炖肉类。用米醋腌制的莲藕茎是常见的配菜。还有“ca tim kho”——在砂锅中炖煮至软烂、味道浓郁的焦糖茄子。

    在 Hue,寺庙饮食传统尤为深厚。这座城市有着悠久的精致佛教烹饪历史,这里的 Vu Lan 餐食往往更复杂:用发酵豆酱代替虾酱,用豆芽和蘑菇代替虾肉和猪肉的“banh xeo”,以及用姜黄汤底和炸豆腐重构的“mi quang”。如果可以,专门为了这些美食去一趟 Hue 是非常值得的。

    一名佛教僧侣在越南河静省石林的一座寺庙参加仪式活动。

    图片来源:Thành Văn Đình,来自 Pexels

    家庭厨房与祖先供品

    在家里,Vu Lan 的餐桌遵循不同的逻辑。家人们为祖先准备供品——在祭坛旁的托盘上摆放小盘食物,通常包括蒸糯米、切片水果,以及祖先在世时爱吃的食物的迷你份量。食物摆放一段时间后,家人会聚在一起食用。浪费被视为不敬,所以餐食必须吃完。

    这一时期常见的家常菜包括“goi cuon chay”——用豆腐、黄瓜、薄荷和腌胡萝卜制成的米纸卷,以及各种做法的“dau phu”(豆腐),其质地和深度会让大多数西方素食者感到惊讶。香茅辣椒炖豆腐是标准菜式,椰奶花生炖豆腐皮也是如此。

    “Com tam chay”在鬼月期间也会出现在路边摊——碎米饭盘里的烤猪肉被换成了烤香茅豆腐或煎蛋,配上和往常一样的腌萝卜和黄瓜。

    素食 Che:Vu Lan 的甜点时光

    “Che”——越南甜汤和甜点的统称——是 Vu Lan 美食真正充满节日气氛的地方。大多数“che”默认就是植物基的,这使它成为这个季节的天然选择。

    在鬼月期间,你会看到摊贩和寺庙里盛着“che troi nuoc”(姜糖水糯米团)、“che dau den”(浓郁微苦的黑芝麻汤)和“che ba mau”——由绿豆、红豆和斑斓果冻组成的碎冰三色甜点。椰奶是大多数甜点中的粘合剂,这使得它们即使不含乳制品或鸡蛋,也依然口感丰富。

    在 Saigon 的第五区以及平西市场(Binh Tay Market)周边,Vu Lan 期间的“che”摊贩营业时间比平时更长,在高峰日有时会营业到午夜以后。根据配料不同,一碗的价格在 15,000–25,000 VND 之间。

    在越南会安充满活力的街头美食场景中,色彩缤纷的越南甜点碗。

    图片来源:Nguyễn Thị Thảo Hà (Ha Nguyen),来自 Pexels

    Vu Lan 期间去哪吃素

    除了寺庙,全国各地的“quan chay”(素食餐厅)在农历七月迎来了一年中最忙碌的时刻。在 Hanoi,Quan Su 寺周围的街道上有几家老字号素食店,每逢农历初一和十五都会爆满——这两天是佛教徒全年固定的吃素日,不仅仅是在 Vu Lan 期间。

    在 Saigon,第三区和永严寺(Vinh Nghiem Pagoda)周围集中的素食餐厅,让你即使吃上一整天素食也不会重样。大多数地方提供 50,000–80,000 VND 的午餐套餐,包括米饭、两到三道主菜、汤和一份小甜点。

    如果你在鬼月期间身处 Hoi An,老城区几家常年为佛教徒服务的素食餐厅会扩大菜单并延长营业时间。“Cao lau chay”偶尔会出现,考虑到这道菜原始配料的特殊性,这简直是一个烹饪奇迹。

    实用贴士

    Vu Lan 在农历七月十五——请查看越南农历以确认每年的公历日期。寺庙餐通常在中午供应,免费或接受捐赠;请尽早前往,特别是在大城市的知名寺庙。越南各地的素食餐厅在非佛教节日期间可能会关门或缩短营业时间,但在鬼月期间它们会全负荷运转,通常上午 11:30 就会排起长队。