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Bac Lieu:湄公河三角洲的历史、音乐与潮州渊源 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · south · bac-lieu-city

Bac Lieu:湄公河三角洲的历史、音乐与潮州渊源

Bac Lieu曾是湄公河三角洲一个独立的省份,于2025年与Ca Mau合并,但它的文化遗产依然生生不息。从一种凄美音乐形式的诞生地,到塑造该地区的潮州华人社区,以下是这个前省份值得您深入了解的原因。

By the Wayfarer teamApr 6, 20264 min read
Bạc Liêu province
↑ Bạc Liêu provinceImage via Wikipedia (Bạc Liêu province, CC BY-SA)
Tags
#mekong delta#bac lieu#ca mau#southern vietnam#teochew chinese#vong co#delta history#traditional music
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    Bac Lieu:湄公河三角洲的历史、音乐与潮州渊源

    Bac Lieu曾经是一个独立的省份。2025年6月12日,它正式与Ca Mau合并,结束了其作为独立行政单位29年的历史。但如果您正在湄公河三角洲(메콩 델타 / 湄公河三角洲 / メコンデルタ)旅行,或者对越南南部的文化感兴趣,Bac Lieu的故事依然举足轻重——它早已深深融入了该地区的美食、音乐和身份认同之中。

    它的地理位置及其重要性

    Bac Lieu占据了一段狭长的海岸线,位于湄公河三角洲最大城市Can Tho以南约100公里处。平坦肥沃的土地和漫长的海岸线孕育了两种经济形态:内陆的水稻种植业和近海的渔业。该省的水路——河流、运河以及三角洲的脉络系统——将一切紧密相连。如果您吃过湄公河三角洲的大米或鱼,它们很可能曾在某个时刻途经Bac Lieu。

    这里的文化交融独具特色。潮州华人社区(最初来自广东的移民)在此定居扎根,带来了他们自己的饮食习惯、庙宇和节庆。如今,您依然能在Ca Mau寻得这种文化交融的印记。

    “Vong co”:诞生于Bac Lieu的曲调

    Bac Lieu最大的文化输出是“vong co”——这种歌曲形式大约出现于1918或1919年,后来成为越南南部传统音乐的核心。“Vong co”字面意思是“回望(望古)”,其风格忧郁、抒情,通常在“cai luong”(改良剧)中表演。如果您在三角洲的非遗表演或庙会庆典上现场听到它,您听到的正是诞生于Bac Lieu的传统。

    这种形式是南方独有的;北方人并不唱它。游吟乐手和唱片将其传播到了整个越南南部(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム),但Bac Lieu才是它的发源地。如果您在三角洲之旅中偶然听到它,这一点值得铭记。

    Bac Lieu公子:传奇的花花公子

    Bac Lieu的民间传说与一位极具传奇色彩的人物息息相关:Tran Trinh Huy,被称为“Bac Lieu公子(Prince Bac Lieu)”或“Cong Tu Bac Lieu”(字面意思是“Bac Lieu的少爷”),也被称为黑公子。在20世纪30和40年代,他以极其奢华的财富和生活方式闻名——不仅在Bac Lieu,在Saigon乃至整个越南南部都声名显赫。

    他的名声一半是三角洲的传奇,一半是关于老钱家族过度挥霍的警世故事。越南的民间传说和电影让他的事迹流传至今;他代表了一个已经消逝的特定历史时刻和社会阶层。如果您游览Bac Lieu市,当地导游可能会提到他——这是一扇了解1975年前社会历史的窗口。

    传统中国寺庙入口的复杂细节,带有红灯笼和金色装饰。

    照片由 Peter Xie 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    行政区划时间线

    Bac Lieu的边界曾发生过多次变动:

    • 1899–1900:设立为行政单位。
    • 1956:并入Ba Xuyen省。
    • 1964:重新设立为独立的Bac Lieu省。
    • 1975:与Ca Mau合并成立Minh Hai省。
    • 1996:重新拆分为Bac Lieu省和Ca Mau省。
    • 2025:作为全国行政区划整合的一部分,再次与Ca Mau合并。

    对于旅行者来说,结论很简单:在地图和官方文件上,Bac Lieu现在是Ca Mau省的一部分。但它的历史和文化认同依然独树一帜。

    您现在依然可以参观的地方

    前省会Bac Lieu市依然存在。这是一座宁静的三角洲小镇——商业化气息不如Soc Trang或Can Tho(껀터 / 芹苴 / カントー)浓厚。您可以参观潮州庙宇,在海滨漫步,品尝新鲜的鱼虾,沉浸在湄公河三角洲慢节奏的生活中。周边的县区(Dong Hai、Hoa Binh、Hong Dan、Phuoc Long、Vinh Loi)都是农业和渔业社区;这里更多的是稻田、鱼塘和船坞,而不是旅游设施。

    如果您正在进行深度的三角洲之旅——超越标准的Can Tho–Ben Tre–My Tho常规路线——Bac Lieu能为您提供原汁原味、避开拥挤人群的沉浸式体验。这里是三角洲人民真正工作和生活的地方,而不是旅游团扎堆的景点。

    身穿传统服饰的女性在质朴的越南户外环境中弹奏吉他。

    照片由 Quang Nguyen Vinh 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    潮州文化的影响

    潮州华人的存在赋予了Bac Lieu不同于其他三角洲省份的独特风情。您可以在以下方面感受到:

    • 美食:潮州风味的清蒸鱼、叉烧(猪肉)以及受广式点心影响的菜肴。
    • 庙宇:供奉潮州神明和祖先的华丽中越融合风格庙宇。
    • 语言和姓名:潮州话与越南语并存;当地记录中常见的华人姓氏。
    • 节庆:潮州新年庆典及其他传统纪念活动。

    这一文化层面丰富了湄公河三角洲的身份认同。这并非Bac Lieu独有——其他三角洲省份也有华人少数族裔——但Bac Lieu的潮州社区尤为突出,且历史悠久。

    为什么它现在依然重要

    行政边界会发生变动;这是正常的政府管理。但Bac Lieu的故事——它的音乐、传奇人物、潮州文化遗产以及在三角洲农业中的地位——并不会消失。当您在越南南部品尝美食或旅行时,即使这个省份的名字已不再出现在地图上,您依然会与Bac Lieu的文化遗产不期而遇。

    对于那些对原汁原味的湄公河三角洲文化、历史和美食感兴趣的旅行者来说,了解Bac Lieu能为您提供更深刻的背景知识。您将更加欣赏这个地区,提出更好的问题,并与您遇到的人和地方建立更丰富的联系。