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Banh Canh:越南粗面汤,从 Trang Bang 到 Phu Quoc | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · all · tay-ninh

Banh Canh:越南粗面汤,从 Trang Bang 到 Phu Quoc

猪虾高汤中加入粗而有嚼劲的面条——“banh canh”发源于南方并传遍全国。以下是各个城市的不同之处,以及为什么 Trang Bang 的版本会成为一个品牌。

By the Wayfarer teamMar 12, 20266 min read
Banh canh
↑ Banh canhImage via Wikipedia (Banh canh, CC BY-SA)
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#banh canh#noodle soup#street food#regional specialties#pork hock#fish cake#trang bang#tay ninh#saigon#hue
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    “Banh canh”是一种在越南各地都能找到的汤面,但具体细节——面条的粉、汤底、配料——会因你点餐的地点而大相径庭。这道菜起源于东南部,可能在湄公河三角洲(메콩 델타 / 湄公河三角洲 / メコンデルタ)或 Saigon 地区,标准的做法是将粗短的面条(由木薯粉、粘米粉或混合粉制成)直接在虾、鱼或猪蹄熬制的汤中煮熟。它与“pho”或“bun”的区别在于面条的口感:爽滑、Q弹、甚至有嚼劲,直径更接近乌冬面而不是米粉。

    汤底和配料千变万化。你可能会吃到“banh canh (반깐 / 粗米粉汤 / バインカイン) gio heo”(猪蹄)、“banh canh cha ca”(鱼饼)、“banh canh cua”(螃蟹)或“banh canh ca loc”(黑鱼)。每个城市都有当地人极力推崇的版本。下面,我将介绍最受认可的几种地方风味,首先从那个已成为全国品牌的版本开始。

    Banh Canh Trang Bang —— 双碗吃法

    Trang Bang 是 Tay Ninh 省的一个县,靠近柬埔寨边境,这里的 banh canh 是唯一获得官方认可的版本:2021年,越南(베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)纪录协会将其列入2020-2021年越南百大特色美食。据当地人讲述,它的起源可以追溯到20世纪初,当时 Trang Bang 的一位妇女用土锅卖汤面,用椰子壳舀汤。她的孩子和邻居学会了这个配方,经过几十年的发展,它成为了这个小镇的代名词。

    Trang Bang 版本的不同之处在于面条的用粉。传统上,厨师们使用 Mong Chim、Bang Phet 或 Bang Mien 大米——这些柬埔寨品种煮出来的米饭很难吃,但做出来的面条却非常出色,口感Q弹有嚼劲,在不冷藏的情况下可以保存两到三天。这些大米产量较低,所以现在大多数摊贩改用 Nang Thom、Nang Mien 或 Cho Dao 大米。面条依然粗实、洁白且爽滑。

    汤底是猪肉熬制的,与猪蹄一起慢炖,直到胶原蛋白使汤汁变得略微浓稠。你会得到一碗面条和清汤,外加第二只小碗,里面装着切片的白煮猪蹄、香菜(“ngo ri”,不是刺芫荽)、炸红葱头,以及一碟加了黑胡椒、青柠和辣椒的鱼露。这种双碗配置——一碗装面,一碗装肉和香草供你单独蘸食——是 Trang Bang 的标志性做法,当地人称之为“banh canh hai to”(双碗 banh canh)。你经常会看到它与“banh trang phoi suong”一起上桌,这是一种半透明的米纸饼,也是 Tay Ninh 的另一项特产。

    如果你在 Tay Ninh,或者在前往高台教(Cao Dai)寺庙的途中路过,请在 Trang Bang 镇停下来尝尝。大多数摊贩都在主路两旁;寻找那种双碗配置以及桌上叠放着米纸饼的店家即可。

    Banh Canh Gio Heo —— 无处不在的猪蹄

    在 Trang Bang 之外,全国最常见的版本是 banh canh gio heo。你可以在 Saigon、Binh Duong(尤其是 Thu Dau Mot)以及南部各地找到它。面条通常以木薯粉为基础,比 Trang Bang 的粘米粉面条更粗、更半透明。汤底是猪蹄高汤,有时会加入少许虾膏或蟹膏提鲜。配料:切片猪蹄、鹌鹑蛋、“cha lua”(越南猪肉肠)、葱和黑胡椒。

    在 Binh Duong,当地的风格更偏重猪蹄——你会吃到更大、肉更多的块,汤底也更浓郁,胶原蛋白使其几乎呈胶状。Saigon 的摊贩则倾向于加入更多的香草和青柠,使口感更清爽。

    CaoDaiMain

    图片由英文维基百科的 Nijumania 提供,来自维基共享资源 (CC BY-SA)

    沿海版本 —— 鱼饼与黑鱼

    在中部沿海地区,banh canh 的口味转向了海鲜。

    Banh canh “cha ca” Phan Rang(位于 Ninh Thuan 省的 Phan Rang-Thap Cham)使用捣成泥的鲭鱼或飞鱼,捏成饼状,并在高汤中煮熟。面条是木薯粉做的,汤底是鱼汤,带有冰糖淡淡的甜味。你会吃到切片的鱼饼,有时还有整只虾,以及一把刺芫荽。

    Banh canh cha ca Phu Quoc(Phu Quoc 岛)与此类似,但使用的是当地的珊瑚礁鱼类——通常是红鲷鱼或石斑鱼——鱼饼更紧实,孔洞较少。汤底更清淡,比起南部浓郁的猪肉汤,它更接近清澈的鱼汤。

    Banh canh ca loc(黑鱼)在 Quang Binh、Quang Tri 和 Saigon 很受欢迎。鱼肉先经过烤制或煎炸,然后撕成小块放入汤中。这样做出来的汤带有烟熏味和油脂香,比生鱼版本颜色更深,焦糖风味更浓。Saigon 的摊贩经常会加入番茄片,这虽然不是传统做法,但能解腻。

    中部与北部的小众风味

    Banh canh xu Hue(Hue 风味)的面条更细,味道更接近“bun bo Hue”——香茅、胭脂树油、牛肉或猪蹄,以及酸辣的汤底。面条是木薯粉做的,但切得比南部版本细。早上你可以在 Hue 的街头小摊上找到它,通常标为“banh canh Hue”,以区别于南部风味。

    Banh canh Bich Son(Binh Dinh 省)使用猪肉和虾熬制的汤底,配以鹌鹑蛋和猪肉肠。面条介于 Trang Bang 和标准的木薯粉面条之间——稍微粗一点,也稍微更有嚼劲。

    Banh canh Ben Co(Tra Vinh 省)是湄公河三角洲的版本,汤里有螃蟹和排骨。它比 Saigon 风味更咸、没那么甜,面条是粘米粉做的,而不是木薯粉。

    Banh canh Phu Yen 是另一种沿海变体,与 Phan Rang 类似,但更强调碗里的整虾和蟹钳。

    Tay Ninh Province 1898

    图片由 E. Dufrénoy (Paris) 提供,来自维基共享资源 (CC BY-SA)

    点餐时会有什么体验

    Banh canh 几乎总是作为早餐或午餐,在街头小摊或小店面出售。在外省,价格预计在 30,000–50,000 VND 之间,而在 Saigon 或 Hanoi 则为 40,000–70,000 VND。面条应该有嚼劲但不粘牙;如果吃起来软烂,说明摊贩煮过头了。汤底应该尝起来像里面所含的蛋白质——猪肉、虾、鱼——而不是味精和水的味道。

    大多数摊贩会问你想要“du”(全料)还是“it”(少量配料)。第一次吃建议选“du”。旁边会配一盘香草——通常是刺芫荽、九层塔、青柠角和辣椒片。你可以自己添加。

    如果你看到桌上有 banh trang phoi suong(米纸饼),可以把它蘸到汤里吃。它会变软,但边缘仍保持酥脆,微微的甜味平衡了咸鲜的汤底。

    从哪里开始品尝

    如果你在 Tay Ninh,去 Trang Bang 镇,在 Quoc lo 22(22号国道)上寻找摊位。大多数早上 6:00 营业,中午前就会售罄。

    在 Saigon(사이공 / 西贡 / サイゴン),可以尝试第五郡(Cho Lon)的 banh canh ca loc 摊位,或者第一郡 Ben Thanh Market 周边的 banh canh gio heo 摊位。

    在 Phan Rang,可以在中心市场(Cho Phan Rang)附近寻找 banh canh cha ca。大多数摊位开得很早,大约早上 5:30 营业。

    在 Hue,可以在 Dong Ba Market 附近寻找 banh canh xu Hue。它比你想象的要辣。

    Banh canh 不是一道单一的菜——它是一个汤面模板,每个地区都根据当地的食材和口味偏好对其进行了改良。如果你在三个不同的城市吃,你会吃到三碗截然不同的面。这正是它的魅力所在。