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Tra Da:为什么越南到处都是冰茶? | Vietnam Wayfarer
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Tra Da:为什么越南到处都是冰茶?

在每家餐厅免费提供的那杯茶并非随手之作,而是一种仪式。带你深入了解越南最平民化的饮品背后那份宁静的文化。

Wayfarer 团队May 26, 20265 分钟阅读
Vendor preparing drinks at a Thai milk tea stand in an outdoor setting.
↑ Vendor preparing drinks at a Thai milk tea stand in an outdoor setting.Photo by 🇻🇳🇻🇳Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh 🇻🇳🇻🇳 on Pexels
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#drinks#food#street food#tea#culture#daily life
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最后更新 · May 26, 2026 · 独立调研,无任何赞助。

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    Real Banh Beo in Hue: Not the Tourist Version

    走进几乎任何一家 pho 店,坐在人行道上的塑料凳上,或者在河内吃完一碗“bun cha”——在你点餐之前,一杯茶就已经送到了。冰凉、微黄、略带苦味。这就是“tra da”:冰茶。它已经深深融入了这里的日常生活,以至于大多数人都习以为常,不再刻意留意它了。

    Tra Da 到底是什么?

    名字很简单:tra 意为茶,da 意为冰。杯子里的内容因地区和当天冲泡的人而异,但最常见的版本是用干绿茶冲泡的——这是从北部高地或 Da Lat 周围的中部高原批量采购的廉价粗茶。它冲泡得很浓,经过稀释,有时几乎没什么味道,然后倒在碎冰或冰块上,不加任何修饰地放在桌上。

    在南部——尤其是 Saigon——你还会遇到“tra atiso”(朝鲜蓟茶),它有一种淡淡的甜味和泥土气息,据说有助于消化。在 Hue,茶文化比其他地方更深厚;这座城市有着悠久的宫廷 lotus tea 传统,将绿茶与新鲜莲蕊隔夜层叠以吸附香气,然后再干燥冲泡。这种茶虽然不是你在 com tam 摊位免费喝到的那种,但逻辑是一样的:茶是背景中永恒的存在。

    为什么每顿饭都配它?

    简短的回答是好客。当顾客坐下时放上一杯 tra da,相当于越南版的“餐前面包”——它在说:欢迎光临,我们看到你了。这对餐厅来说几乎没有成本。一公斤低档绿茶价格在 30,000–50,000 VND 左右,可以冲泡几十升。姿态是廉价的,但传达的信号却非如此。

    更深层的回答是实用。越南的气候——一年中大部分时间全国大部分地区都炎热潮湿——使得冷饮成为必需品而非奢侈品。茶具有天然的收敛性,可以化解烤猪肉的油腻,在浓郁的肉汤后清洁味蕾,并在食用大量鱼露和辣椒的餐后平复胃部。这里的人不像西方人那样就餐时喝水,他们喝 tra da。

    这其中还有咖啡因的逻辑。越南咖啡(无论是慢滴的“ca phe sua da”还是街角的浓缩咖啡)都浓得足以染黑你的牙齿。茶是低档位的选择,你可以整天喝它,而不会到中午就手抖。上班族会在办公桌上放一个保温杯装热茶,出门前倒在冰块上。摩的司机在载客间隙也会停在路边摊喝上一杯。

    胡志明市木桌上两杯色彩鲜艳、清爽的柠檬冰饮。

    图片来源:Pexels 上的 Theodore Nguyen

    路边茶摊

    这正是 tra da 从一种饮品演变为社会机构的地方。在河内的老城区,以及西贡每一条主干道延伸出的住宅小巷里,你会看到折叠小桌——有时只是一只低矮的塑料箱——后面坐着一位妇女或老人,摆着一托盘玻璃杯、一壶茶和一桶冰。一杯茶的价格为 3,000–5,000 VND。旁边通常还卖香烟、糖果和零食。

    这些不是咖啡馆,而是社区的锚点。同一群人可能二十年来每天早上都在同一个茶摊下棋。中学生放学后坐在路边。摩的司机停下车聊上一个小时。茶摊是信息流动的枢纽——谁在招人、谁家的孩子考上了大学、这周交警在哪儿设卡。

    特别是在北部,这种文化根深蒂固。河内的路边茶摊早在城市出现浓缩咖啡吧或奶茶连锁店之前就已经存在了,其中许多摊位至今仍由最初开创它们的家族经营。

    值得了解的地区差异

    并非所有的 tra da 都一样。旅行时值得注意的几个区别:

    河内及北部: 通常是纯绿茶,有时在干燥过程中带有一丝烟熏味。冰镇,不加糖,不加配料。你会随 pho、banh cuon、bun thang 等每一顿北部早餐一起喝到它。

    顺化及中部沿海: 这里的茶文化更精致。顺化的茶传统与古老的宫廷美学相连——小杯、香气混合、注重呈现。但在街头,你吃 bun bo hue 时依然会得到一杯普通的茶。

    西贡及南部: 品种更多。朝鲜蓟茶很常见,在南部的 com tam 餐厅,你有时会喝到加糖的菊花茶或淡淡的茉莉花茶。分量更大,冰块也更多。

    大叻: 这座高地城市在周围的山坡上种植自己的茶叶。当地的绿茶和乌龙茶在市场上出售,冲泡时往往比低地路边摊的茶更新鲜、更讲究。

    夜晚河内老城区充满活力的街头美食场景,摊位林立。

    图片来源:Pexels 上的 Nguyễn Hưng

    如何享用

    喝就是了。不必过度担心卫生问题——沸水冲泡过程解决了大部分顾虑,至于冰块,这和你对越南任何冷饮的考量是一样的。杯子通常没问题。

    如果你在茶摊想多坐一会儿,那就再点一杯。这表示你不赶时间,而这正是茶摊的精髓所在。带上一份报纸,或者只是观察街道。没人会打扰你。

    实用提示

    在餐厅里,tra da 几乎总是免费的;如果是付费的路边摊,5,000 VND 足够买一杯,剩下的钱可以作为小费。菜单上不会写这个——只需寻找桌上的塑料壶,或者敲敲杯子并挑挑眉毛询问即可。这招在任何地方都管用。