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Van Mieu Xich Dang:Hung Yen 孔庙游客指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · north · hung-yen

Van Mieu Xich Dang:Hung Yen 孔庙游客指南

Van Mieu Xich Dang 是越南北部除 Hanoi 之外仅存的几座孔庙之一——以下是游览看点及参观指南。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 22, 20266 min read
Explore the serene beauty of a traditional Vietnamese temple courtyard in Hà Nội, captured on a clear day.
↑ Explore the serene beauty of a traditional Vietnamese temple courtyard in Hà Nội, captured on a clear day.Photo by Hồng Quang Official on Pexels
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#van mieu xich dang#hung yen#north#destinations#confucian temple#red river delta#day trip from hanoi
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    景点介绍

    Van Mieu Xich Dang 是位于 Hung Yen 市的一处孔庙建筑群,位于 Hanoi 东南约 60 km 处。你可以把它看作是 Hanoi 文庙的地方版本——规模更小、更宁静,而且几乎没有游客。它建于 17 世纪的 Le 朝时期,曾是古 Hung Yen 省的考场和学者圣地。“Xich Dang”得名于其所在的村庄,该村庄位于红河一条狭窄支流的岸边。

    这座建筑群供奉着孔子以及 24 位通过最高科举考试的当地学者。这里的八块石碑(年代从 17 世纪到 19 世纪不等)记录了他们的名字和成就,其风格与 Hanoi (하노이 / 河内 / ハノイ) 文庙中更为著名的石碑相似。

    自 2025 年初起,Hung Yen 省在行政上与 Thai Binh 合并,但地理位置上没有任何变化。Van Mieu Xich Dang 依然坐落在原来的位置,位于 Hung Yen 市的 [Pho](/posts/pho-vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム)-noodle-soup-guide) Hien 街。

    为什么值得一去

    老实说,大多数外国游客都不会来这里——而这正是它的魅力所在。你不需要和旅游团挤在同一个庭院里。建筑群占地紧凑(约 1.5 公顷),维护得很好,而且极具氛围感:成熟的龙眼树为步道遮荫,主殿飘出阵阵香火气息,如果在工作日前往,你甚至可能是唯一的游客。

    对于任何对越南学者文化感兴趣的人来说,这是 Hanoi 之外保存最完好的典范之一。其建筑融合了 Le 朝和 Nguyen 朝的风格,木梁上雕刻的龙凤图案和汉字铭文依然清晰可见。

    将它作为更广泛的红河三角洲一日游的一站也非常合适——将其与北边不远处的古老贸易港口区 Pho Hien 结合起来,你就能享受充实的半日历史之旅,而且完全没有 Ninh Binh (닌빈 / 宁平 / ニンビン) 那样拥挤的人潮。

    最佳游览时间

    10 月至次年 3 月天气较凉爽,天空也更晴朗。Hung Yen 位于平坦的三角洲地带,因此夏季(5 月至 8 月)非常潮湿,且常有午后暴雨,这会让在露天庭院的游览变得不太舒适。

    如果你安排在 2 月初前往,可能会赶上寺庙里当地的 Tet 庆祝活动——供奉祭品、书法展示以及烧香祈福的家庭。在考试季(5 月至 6 月),寺庙会特别热闹,学生和家长都会来这里祈求好成绩,尽管这本身并不是一个节日。

    如何从 Hanoi 前往

    Hung Yen 市是最近的中心枢纽,而 Hanoi 则是最近的主要交通枢纽。

    骑摩托车或自驾: 沿 5 号国道 (QL5) 向东往 Hai Duong 方向行驶,然后向南转入 QL39 进入 Hung Yen 市。距离 Hanoi 市中心总路程:约 65 km,算上交通状况大约需要 1.5 小时。从 Hanoi 乘坐 Grab 汽车单程约 350,000–450,000 VND。

    乘坐巴士: 从 Hanoi 的 Giap Bat 车站到 Hung Yen 汽车站的巴士每 20–30 分钟一班。票价:50,000–70,000 VND。车程约 1.5–2 小时,具体取决于停靠站点。从 Hung Yen 汽车站出发,向南仅 2 km 即可到达 Van Mieu Xich Dang——乘坐摩的 (xe om) 只需 15,000 VND,或者沿着 Pho (쌀국수 / 越南河粉 / フォー) Hien 街步行一小段路即可。

    乘坐火车: 不太实际。没有直达 Hung Yen 市的铁路。

    郁郁葱葱的山区乡村中美丽的梯田,田野里嵌有“Mong Ngua”心形图案。

    照片由 Braven Nguyen 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    游玩亮点

    漫步碑林

    前院有八块石碑矗立在雕刻的龟座上。每块石碑都记录了在 1600 年代至 1800 年代之间通过“tien si”(进士)考试的学者名字。碑文使用的是汉 Nom(喃字)书写。即使你看不懂,龟座上的工艺也值得仔细观赏——每一只都略有不同。

    探索主祭殿

    后殿(“Bai Duong”)设有孔子及其四大弟子的祭坛。这里的木制建筑可以追溯到 18 世纪的一次大规模修复。抬头看看——屋顶横梁上保留着原汁原味的二龙戏珠雕刻,这是你在 Hanoi 古老寺庙中常见的图案。

    参观侧边展览室

    两侧的建筑展示了与 Hung Yen 学术历史相关的照片、文件和复制品。一个房间侧重于科举制度;另一个房间则介绍当地的文学人物。标签仅提供越南语,但视觉材料一目了然。

    向北步行至 Pho Hien

    Pho Hien 在 16 至 17 世纪曾是一个主要的国际贸易港口——日本、中国、荷兰和葡萄牙的商人曾在此经营。如今,这里已是一个安静的住宅区,但河岸边仍保留着几座古老的寺庙(Chuong 寺、Hien 寺)和一些殖民时期的建筑。从 Van Mieu 步行 10 分钟或骑摩托车很快即可到达。

    在龙眼树下休憩

    Hung Yen 以其“nhan long”(龙眼)在全越南闻名。寺庙庭院里种有古老的龙眼树,在 7 月至 8 月期间,到处都是应季的果实。你可以在门外的街头小贩那里买一串,价格约为 30,000–50,000 VND/kg。

    附近美食

    Hung Yen 的招牌美食是“banh day”——搭配猪肉肠(“gio lua”)的糯米饼。你可以在距离寺庙约 1 km 的 Hung Yen 市场附近寻找摊位。一盘大约 20,000–30,000 VND。

    如果想吃点更顶饱的,可以尝尝“bun thang”——这种精致的 Hanoi 风味汤面在三角洲的这一地区也很受欢迎。在 Trung Trac 街的小店里,一碗大约需要 35,000–45,000 VND。

    如果你在夏天来访,镇上的甜品店里会出现以龙眼为原料的甜点(“che nhan”)。

    住宿推荐

    大多数游客将 Van Mieu Xich Dang 作为从 Hanoi 出发的一日游目的地。但如果你想留宿:

    • 经济型: Hung Yen 汽车站附近的 Nha nghi(宾馆):200,000–350,000 VND/晚。设施简单但很干净。
    • 中档型: 位于 Nguyen Van Linh 街的 Muong Thanh Hung Yen 酒店:约 600,000–800,000 VND/晚。房间不错,包含早餐。
    • Hung Yen 市区没有豪华住宿选择。如果你想要高档的住宿,最好还是以 Hanoi 为大本营。

    越南寺庙中的石碑和雕像,在晴朗的天空下展示着错综复杂的建筑。

    照片由 Ty Nguyễn 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    当地人的实用建议

    • 寺庙每天开放,时间约为 7:00–17:00。免费入场。
    • 穿着得体——这是一个活跃的宗教场所。请遮盖肩膀和膝盖。
    • 夏季请携带驱蚊剂。靠近河流且树木茂密意味着会有虫子,尤其是在傍晚时分。
    • 内部没有英文标识。如果你感到好奇,可以下载 Google 翻译的相机模式来翻译越南语牌匾。
    • 寺庙很小——对大多数游客来说,30–45 分钟就足够了。请将其规划为行程中的一站,而不是一整天的目的地。

    避免常见误区

    • 在公共假日来访却没有做好拥挤的心理准备。 Tet (뗏 (베트남 설날) / 越南春节 / テト (ベトナム旧正月)) 和考试祈福季会吸引大量当地家庭。寺庙很小;即使只有 50 个人也会感觉很拥挤。
    • 将它与 Hanoi 的文庙混淆。 它们在用途上相关,但在规模上完全不同。参观 Van Mieu Xich Dang 只需要 30 分钟,而不是半天。
    • 跳过 Pho Hien。 仅为了一座寺庙从 Hanoi 专程跑一趟并不划算。将其与古港口区和 Hung Yen 市场结合起来,安排一个充实的早晨。
    • 不带现金。 寺庙步行范围内没有 ATM 机。前往之前,请在 Hung Yen 市中心取好现金。

    实用提示

    将 Van Mieu Xich Dang 作为红河三角洲环线的一部分是最好的选择——在前往或离开 Hanoi 的途中顺道游览,搭配 Pho Hien,你就能度过一个低调的早晨,真正体验到远离标准旅游路线的宁静。免门票,不拥挤,无烦恼。