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顺化牛肉粉:Hue 的米线汤与众不同之处 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Food & Drink · central · hue

顺化牛肉粉:Hue 的米线汤与众不同之处

正宗版本用的是猪蹄和牛腱,而非嫩牛肉片。汤底的魂在于香茅和发酵虾酱,当地人也不堆一大盘香草。

By the Wayfarer teamMar 31, 20268 min read
Vietnamese noodles with fresh herbs, chili peppers, and fish sauce captured in a market setting in Hue, Vietnam.
↑ Vietnamese noodles with fresh herbs, chili peppers, and fish sauce captured in a market setting in Hue, Vietnam.Photo by Pew Nguyen on Pexels
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#bun bo hue#hue#noodle soup#beef#pork hock#lemongrass#shrimp paste#central vietnam
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    你端上来的到底是什么

    在 Hue,当地人叫它"bun bo"或"bun bo - gio heo"。其他地方为了点明出处,叫它"bun bo Hue"。这碗汤的主角是米线、切片牛腱(thit bap bo)和猪蹄(gio heo)。汤色因辣椒油而泛红,香气来自整根香茅和"mam ruoc"(发酵虾酱)——不是 pho 里那种若有若无的底味,而是扑面而来、几乎带着攻击性的浓烈。

    Hue 的厨师把整根香茅直接丢进锅里,再舀一勺量好的 mam ruoc。就是这一点,让它有别于越南所有其他牛肉米线。这里的米线比 pho 更粗、更圆——直径接近一根筷子,嚼劲十足,口感饱满。如果有人端给你一碗扁米线,那是 pho,只是贴错了标签。

    在 Hue 的街边小店,一碗普通的 bun bo Hue 售价 30,000–45,000 VND。香水河沿岸或顺化皇城附近面向游客的餐厅要价 55,000–70,000 VND,肉量有时反而更少。

    汤底的做法

    汤底以牛骨和猪骨熬制数小时,通常是四到六小时。摊主会敲碎骨头让骨髓析出,为汤头增加醇厚感。开始熬煮后,用刀背拍扁的整根香茅入锅。有些厨师会把香茅捆成束,方便之后捞出。

    汤色来自"胭脂树"籽油(hat dieu mau),而非最后随手撒入的辣椒粉。做法是把油烧热,放入胭脂树籽,待油变成砖红色后滤出籽,再将油倒入锅中。这是汤色的底层。辣椒油或辣椒片在此基础上添加辣度,但汤里那抹红,大部分来自胭脂树籽油。

    接下来是 mam ruoc。这一步最容易把外地人吓到。发酵虾酱单独闻起来气味刺鼻——咸、臭、几乎带着一股化学味。但入汤之后,它会转化为鲜醇深邃的滋味。用量至关重要:少了,汤喝起来像普通牛骨汤加了香茅;多了,会把所有味道都盖住。Hue 的老师傅对待 mam ruoc 就像调酒师对待苦精——精准,从不随手。

    有些人家还会加一小段甘蔗或少许糖来柔化汤底。那不是你能察觉到的甜味,只是防止虾酱和香茅的味道变得过于尖锐。

    配菜是什么

    通常会附上葱花、洋葱丝、柠檬角、鱼露配新鲜辣椒,以及 Hue 风味辣酱。传统的香草配置很简单:切丝的香蕉花、少许"hung lui"(越南薄荷)和"rau ram"(越南香菜)。不是 Hanoi 或 Saigon 吃 pho 时那一大篮子香草。

    如果摊主堆上薄荷、泰国罗勒和豆芽,那是在迎合外地客的口味。Hue 本地人不这样吃。

    桌上那碟辣酱——"ot sa te",有时也叫"ot Hue"——值得特别留意。它用辣椒、香茅、大蒜和油制成。舀一小勺搅入碗里,能带来第二层香茅香气和慢慢蔓延的辣意。如果不确定自己的辣度承受能力,先放半茶匙试试。Hue 菜是越南口味最辣的地方菜,当地人不会手软。

    Hue Vietnam 一位骑车运货的女士

    图片来源:CEphoto, Uwe Aranas,Wikimedia Commons(CC BY-SA)

    传统版本里没有什么

    正宗的 bun bo Hue 不放嫩牛肉片(bo tai)、凝固猪血(huyet)和 越南猪肉肠(cha lua)。原始配方只有猪蹄、牛腱和牛筋。血块和 cha lua 是现代摊贩后来加进去的——现在很常见,但并非最初的做法。

    有些店两种版本都提供。如果你想要传统版,可以说:"bun bo gio heo, khong huyet, khong cha。"

    猪蹄是大多数初来者低估的部分。它经过长时间炖煮,胶原蛋白已充分溶解,但肉仍保持形状——软糯、边缘略带胶质,猪皮有真实的嚼感。如果猪蹄又硬又柴,说明火候没到。一块好的猪蹄,用筷子轻轻一夹就该脱骨,但又不会散开。

    Hue Vietnam 明命皇帝陵寝

    图片来源:CEphoto, Uwe Aranas,Wikimedia Commons(CC BY-SA)

    在 Hue 去哪里吃

    知名摊点大多集中在香水河南岸,位于皇城片区和 Pham Ngu Lao 背包客街之间的街区。

    Bun Bo Hue O Phuong — Truong Dinh 16B,靠近 Dong Ba 市场。营业时间约为早上 5:30 至 10:00。一碗约 30,000–35,000 VND。这是当地人口耳相传最多的店名之一。汤底 mam ruoc 味浓,想喝原汁原味的,这里是试金石。

    Bun Bo Ba Tuyet — Nguyen Cong Tru 47 号。也是早市营业,上午稍晚即收摊。价位相近,汤底稍显均衡,配菜里的香蕉花也做得不错。

    Bun Bo Hue Dong Ba — 不是单一店铺,而是 Dong Ba 市场内外的一批摊贩集群。起价 25,000 VND。各摊口味参差,但在这里吃饭,你置身于真实的市场早餐人群中——批发商、摩托快递员、市场搬运工。早上六点的 Dong Ba,没有人在为游客表演"正宗"。

    如果想要有空调、稍微正式一点的环境(50,000–65,000 VND),Pho Duc Chinh 街上的 Hanh Restaurant 是可靠的中档选择。

    在 Hue,bun bo 是早餐,很多店铺早上 10 点或 11 点就关门。部分会在下午 4 至 7 点重新开张,但早上才是汤底最新鲜、肉料最齐全的时候。

    Hue 以外的 Bun Bo Hue

    在越南各大城市都能找到 bun bo Hue。在 Ho Chi Minh City,第一区、第三区、平盛区随处可见,价格在 45,000–65,000 VND 之间。Saigon 的版本偏甜,附有完整的香草篮和豆芽,折射出南方的饮食习惯。汤依然好喝,只是已经本地化了。

    在 Hanoi,bun bo Hue 店集中在老城区和还剑湖周边。Hanoi 的版本有时会减少 mam ruoc 的用量——北方人普遍偏好更温和的发酵味道。一碗售价 40,000–55,000 VND。

    Da Nang 距 Hue 向北约 100 km,是城外最接近原味的地方。许多 Da Nang 摊主本是 Hue 人,或从同一批供应商购入 mam ruoc。如果你在 Da Nang 海滩和 Hoi An 的 cao lau、banh mi 之间安排行程,不必专程驱车两小时南下,也能吃到像样的 bun bo。

    外国人常犯的错误

    把它当 pho 来对待。 Pho 和 bun bo Hue 除了同为汤面,几乎没有共同点。米线形状不同、汤底不同、蛋白质不同、香草哲学也不同。点了 bun bo Hue 却要海鲜酱和辣椒酱——那是在海外越南餐馆吃 pho 的配法——会换来一个茫然的眼神。

    跳过辣酱。 桌上那碟辣酱不是摆设。这碗汤本来就需要在桌上自行调味。不加辣酱的一碗,就像只开了六成音量。加一点,搅匀,尝一口,再重复。

    忽视猪蹄。 第一次吃的人有时会把猪蹄拨到一边,只吃牛肉片。猪蹄才是重点。那带着软皮的胶质肉,正是让这碗汤有别于 bun cha、com tam 或 hu tieu 等众多越南米线的关键所在。

    期待晚餐时段能吃到。 在 Hue,bun bo 是早餐,有时也当午餐。如果你晚上七点才去,想吃齐料的一碗,很多好店不是已经关门,就是肉早就卖完了。请计划在早上前往。

    堆太多香草。 如果店家给你一小碟香蕉花加两种香草,那就是既定的比例。不需要在汤上堆出一份沙拉。

    法律与文化地位

    2016 年,越南知识产权局为"Bun Bo Hue"颁发了第 4-0272400-000 号商标注册证书,从商业层面保护了这一名称。2025 年 7 月 5 日,越南政府将"顺化牛肉粉传统知识"列入国家非物质文化遗产名录,使其与其他受保护菜肴并列,正式奠定了它在越南饮食文化中的地位。

    这一认定的意义在于:它划定了一条界线,厘清什么可以合法称为"Bun Bo Hue",什么只是加了香茅的辣味牛肉汤。

    速查

    • 是什么: 来自越南中部 Hue 的辣味牛肉猪蹄米线
    • 汤底关键风味: 香茅、发酵虾酱(mam ruoc)、胭脂树籽油
    • 标准蛋白质: 牛腱、猪蹄、牛筋
    • 米线类型: 圆形粗米线(比 pho 米线更粗)
    • Hue 当地价格: 25,000–45,000 VND(街边/市场),50,000–70,000 VND(餐厅)
    • Saigon / Hanoi 价格: 40,000–65,000 VND
    • 最佳用餐时间: 早餐,早上 5:30–10:00
    • 实用越语: "Mot to bun bo, khong huyet"(一碗 bun bo,不要血块)
    • 辣度: 以越南标准而言偏辣——Hue 菜是全国最辣的地方菜
    • 搭配: 越南咖啡,尤其是"ca phe da"(冰黑咖啡),可以解腻

    结语

    Bun bo Hue 不是 pho 的变体。它是来自另一座城市、另一种口味的完全不同的汤——更厚重、更辛辣、更浓郁。如果你到访 Hue,在游览顺化皇城和嗣德皇帝陵寝之间只能吃一道菜,就选这碗,而且要在早上九点之前去一家本地人比游客多的小店吃。那才是值得跨越整个国家前来品尝的版本。