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🇨🇳 Travel Tips · all · hanoi

越南自来水:何时可以使用,何时该买瓶装水

越南的自来水用来刷牙并不会让你生病,但“绝对不能喝”的说法其实过于笼统。以下是关于越南用水的真实情况及建议。

Nam Nguyen 撰写May 30, 20264 分钟阅读
A close-up of two iced coffee drinks with whipped cream at Little Hanoi, perfect for a refreshing break.
↑ A close-up of two iced coffee drinks with whipped cream at Little Hanoi, perfect for a refreshing break.Photo by Pragyan Bezbaruah on Pexels
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#tap water#water safety#travel health#ice safety#drinking water#vietnam tips#budget travel#food safety
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越南的自来水名声不好,但这并不完全符合事实——至少在某些情况下并非如此。坦率地说,这取决于你所在的地点、你的肠胃状况以及你打算如何使用这些水。

基本原则(以及为什么这并非全部)

越南的自来水经过处理,在各大城市中技术上符合标准。在 Hanoi、Saigon、Da Nang 和 Hoi An,市政供水经过了氯化和过滤。然而,直接从水龙头饮用并不安全——处理厂到你旅馆水龙头之间的管道设施老旧、多孔,有时甚至会混入你不想联想到的杂质。污染往往发生在运输过程中,而不仅仅是在源头。

饮用时,请务必使用瓶装水或过滤水。在街角商店,一瓶 1.5 升的水大约需要 10,000–15,000 VND。大多数酒店和旅馆每天提供两瓶免费饮用水,如果你没有进行大量出汗的摩托车旅行,这些水足够日常饮用。

刷牙:通常没问题

这是大多数旅游指南过度夸大的地方。在各大城市——Hanoi、Saigon、Hue、Da Nang、Da Lat——绝大多数长期居住的外国居民都是用自来水刷牙,且没有出现问题。你不会吞下它,接触量极小。氯化处理虽然不足以达到饮用标准,但足以在刷牙这种接触水平下消除大部分细菌威胁。

话虽如此,如果你的肠胃比较敏感(你自己会清楚这一点),或者你刚抵达越南,肠胃尚未适应新环境,那么头一周用瓶装水刷牙也花不了多少钱。有些人坚持这样做,另一些人则认为没必要。两派都没有错。

何时必须全程使用瓶装水

在以下情况下,你应该更加谨慎:

农村和偏远地区。 一旦你离开主要城市系统——比如在 Ha Giang、Sapa 郊外的民宿,或者 Ninh Binh 边缘的小旅馆——供水通常来自当地水井或规模较小、监管较少的系统。处理标准会显著下降。在这种情况下,连刷牙也要使用瓶装水。

管道老旧的小型旅馆。 在 Hanoi 的老城区或 Hue 的旧式店屋住宿中,管道可能非常古老。市政供水可能经过处理,但如果水流经 60 年前的管道和自 2019 年以来从未清洗过的屋顶水箱,情况就大不相同了。

洪水过后。 如果你在洪水期间或刚过洪水时旅行(这在越南中部 10 月至 12 月期间很常见,湄公河三角洲也偶尔发生),当地供水系统可能会受到污染。这时,平时“没问题”的水就变得有风险了。请坚持使用瓶装水。

如果你已经生病了。 一旦肠胃出现不适,就不是实验的时候。在恢复健康之前,只喝瓶装水。

充满活力的街头市场,色彩缤纷的商品和椅子,是当地购物场景的完美写照。

图片来源:Tuan Vy,来自 Pexels

关于冰块的问题

这依然让很多人感到困惑。简短的回答是:城市餐厅和咖啡馆的冰块几乎总是安全的。越南的商业冰块是在卫生部标准下由集中工厂生产的,以大型圆柱体或你在各处可见的小管状形式配送,且由过滤水制成。你在街头摊位喝的“ca phe sua da”或人行道桌上的 bia hoi 杯子里加的冰,都是由供应半个街区的冰块卡车运来的——它们不是在某人的厨房里用自来水做的。

真正有风险的是那种看起来像是在家里冰格里做的、碎裂且不规则的冰块——因为它们很可能就是那样做的。在正常的餐饮场所很少见到这种冰,但了解视觉上的区别是有价值的。圆柱状管冰 = 工厂生产 = 通常没问题。扁平不规则块状 = 自制 = 避开它。

过滤饮水机:折中方案

越来越多的咖啡馆、旅馆、联合办公空间,甚至一些街头小吃摊现在都配备了过滤饮水机——即蓝色瓶装的立式冷却器或壁挂式 RO(反渗透)系统。如果你看到这些,可以放心用来给你的水瓶加水。Hanoi 和 Saigon 的许多旅馆专门提供这些设备,这样客人就不必整天消耗塑料瓶。入住时值得询问一下。

木桌上一杯带有越南国旗搅拌棒的冰咖啡。

图片来源:🇻🇳🇻🇳Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh 🇻🇳🇻🇳,来自 Pexels

街头小吃怎么办?

你的“pho”或“banh mi”里的蔬菜、香草和新鲜配菜——在餐厅和街头小吃厨房里都是用自来水清洗的。除非你只吃没有任何新鲜食材的熟食,否则这是无法避免的,而那样做会让你错过越南美食的精髓。大多数游客可以自由享用街头小吃,且不会有任何问题。在正常的城市条件下,风险确实存在但很低,如果你想品尝美食,这是无法完全规避的。

实用建议

购买一个可重复使用的水瓶,并尽可能从过滤饮水机中加水——这既省钱又减少了塑料浪费。在抵达新城市的最初几天,稍微保守一点:用瓶装水刷牙是一种廉价的保险,直到你的肠胃适应环境。之后,根据你的住宿地点和肠胃反应做出判断即可。