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Thap Ba Ponagar:Nha Trang Cham 塔游览指南 | Vietnam Wayfarer
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🇨🇳 Destinations · central · khanh-hoa

Thap Ba Ponagar:Nha Trang Cham 塔游览指南

Po Nagar 是位于 Nha Trang 花岗岩山丘上的一座仍在使用的 Cham 寺庙建筑群。从历史背景到附近的 nem nuong,以下是您在参观前需要了解的信息。

By the Wayfarer teamMay 23, 20266 min read
A historic red brick temple amidst vibrant greenery under a clear blue sky showcasing Vietnamese architecture.
↑ A historic red brick temple amidst vibrant greenery under a clear blue sky showcasing Vietnamese architecture.Photo by NGUYỄN THÀNH NHƠN on Pexels
Tags
#thap ba ponagar#khanh hoa#central#destinations#cham temples#nha trang#historical sites
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    概况

    Po Nagar 位于 Khanh Hoa 省 Nha Trang (냐짱 / 芽庄 / ニャチャン) Cai River 河口的 Cu Lao 山上。它是一个 Cham 印度教寺庙建筑群——不是废墟,也不是博物馆,而是一个活跃的宗教场所,人们仍然会来这里祈祷、烧香和祭祀。这些塔建于 7 世纪至 12 世纪之间,主要供奉 Po Ina Nagar 女神(在越南传统中也称为 Thien Y A Na),她是一位与水稻、农作物和土地有关的母亲神。

    在最初的八座或更多塔中,有四座至今依然矗立。主塔——北塔,或称“Thap Chinh”——是最高的一座,高约 23 米,也是建筑结构保存最完好的一座。其层叠的屋顶、雕刻的石柱以及内部的 linga-yoni 祭坛,让您能直观地欣赏到影响了整个东南亚寺庙设计的 Cham 宗教建筑风格。如果您曾去过 Hoi An 附近的 My Son,Po Nagar 会为您提供一种不同的视角:规模较小,地处城市之中,且至今仍在日常使用。

    Khanh Hoa 省最近与 Ninh Thuan 合并,但 Po Nagar 的位置并没有改变——它就位于 Nha Trang 市内,在主要游客海滩带以北约 2 km 处。

    推荐理由

    主要有三个原因。首先,Po Nagar 是 Vietnam (베트남 / 越南 / ベトナム) 保存最完好的 Cham 寺庙遗址之一,而且与 My Son 不同,它没有遭到战争的严重破坏。其次,它位于市区内——不需要花半天时间长途跋涉。第三,在山顶上您可以俯瞰 Cai River、渔船和 Nha Trang 海岸线的广阔景色。这是一个只需 45 分钟的行程,却能比大多数不出城的景点更能让您深入了解越南中部在越南人到来之前的历史。

    最佳游览时间

    Nha Trang 的旱季从 1 月持续到 8 月,其中 3 月到 6 月最为舒适——气候温暖但还未达到酷暑,而且降雨极少。该景点是露天的,完全暴露在户外,因此如果在倾盆大雨时(9 月至 12 月的雨季)来访,石阶会很湿滑,视野也会受限。

    一天中的具体时间比季节更重要。建议在上午 9:00 之前或下午 3:30 之后前往。旅游大巴通常在 10:00 到 14:00 之间抵达,而建筑群面积紧凑,只要有 60 名游客就会让人觉得拥挤。清晨的光线更适合拍摄朝东的塔楼,而且您将与前来祭祀的当地人共享这片空间,而不是被旅游团包围。

    色彩鲜艳的渔船停泊在水面上,背景是城市天际线和群山。

    照片由 Nguyên Đoàn 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    交通指南

    从 Nha Trang 的中心海滩区(Tran Phu 街附近)出发,Po Nagar 位于向北约 2 km 处。乘坐 Grab 摩托车大约需要 15,000–20,000 VND,Grab 汽车大约需要 25,000–35,000 VND。您也可以沿着河边步行 25 分钟——沿着 Yersin 街向北走到 Xom Bong 桥,您就能看到左侧山丘上的塔楼。

    如果您从 Vietnam 的其他地方来,Cam Ranh 国际机场位于 Nha Trang 以南 35 km 处。机场穿梭巴士开往市中心,票价约 60,000 VND,乘坐出租车则需要 350,000–450,000 VND。Nha Trang 火车站就位于镇上,每天都有来自 Hue(约 10 小时,硬座 350,000 VND 起)或 Saigon(7–9 小时,300,000 VND 起)的火车抵达。

    游玩亮点

    漫步塔楼建筑群

    从 Mandapa 开始——这是入口层的一个开放式柱廊大厅,已得到部分修复。它最初是朝圣者冥想和休息的大厅。从那里,沿着砖石阶梯拾级而上,到达塔楼平台。北塔(主塔)是参观的重点:走进内部,您可以看到披着长袍、被香火环绕的黑色女神石像。中塔和南塔较小,但也值得绕行一圈,以比较不同世纪的建筑风格。

    研读碑文

    建筑群周围散落着几块刻有梵文和古 Cham 文字的石碑。越南语和英语的信息牌提供了背景介绍,但雕刻本身——舞者、音乐家、神话动物——才是真正的吸引力所在。留意北塔入口上方雕刻的半圆形门楣,上面描绘着正在跳舞的 Shiva。

    参观小型展览馆

    入口附近的一栋建筑展示了从该遗址及周边地区发掘的 Cham 文物——陶瓷、linga、小型雕塑。参观大约需要 10 分钟,有助于您更好地理解在塔楼中看到的景象。

    观看传统舞蹈表演

    建筑群内会定期举行免费的 Cham 舞蹈表演——通常每天有几场,不过时间表并不总是固定公布。如果您在漫步时听到音乐声,循着声音找去即可。表演持续约 10 分钟,展示了传统的 Cham 服饰和乐器。

    拍摄河景

    从山顶向南望去,您可以俯瞰 Cai River 河口、色彩斑斓的渔船和 Xom Bong 桥。这是一幅展现 Nha Trang 真实生活气息的绝佳画卷,而非仅仅是度假区的景象。

    门票为每人 30,000 VND。如果您的衣着没有遮住肩膀和膝盖,工作人员会提供一件可借用的长袍——这是一个宗教场所,规定被严格执行。

    附近美食

    从 Po Nagar 向南走,穿过 Xom Bong 桥,您就会来到一个以“nem nuong”(Nha Trang 风味的烤猪肉肠卷)而闻名的区域。位于 Ly Tu Trong 街的 Nem Nuong Dang Van Quyen 距离塔楼约 1 km,已经营业了几十年,提供全套美食:烤猪肉饼、米纸、新鲜香草和蘸酱。单人套餐价格在 60,000–80,000 VND 之间。

    如果想吃点清淡的,“banh can”——在陶模中烤制的小巧咸味米糕,上面铺着鸡蛋,配以鱼露汤汁——是 Nha Trang 的特色早餐。早上,您可以在 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai 街沿线找到这些小摊。

    在蔚蓝天空的映衬下,越南古老的 Cham 塔景色迷人,凸显了其错综复杂的建筑风格。

    照片由 ㅤ quang vinh ㅤ 拍摄,来自 Pexels

    住宿推荐

    Nha Trang 拥有各种价位的住宿选择。位于 Biet Thu 和 Hung Vuong 街背包客区附近的经济型宾馆每晚价格为 200,000–400,000 VND。沿着 Tran Phu(海滨大道)的中档酒店价格在 600,000–1,200,000 VND 之间。高端度假村集中在市中心以南靠近 Bai Dai 海滩的区域。如果为了游览 Po Nagar,住在 Tran Phu 北端附近可以让您轻松步行前往。

    实用建议

    • 进入塔内需要脱鞋。建议穿容易穿脱的凉鞋。
    • 自带饮用水——入口附近有饮料摊贩,但价格偏高。
    • 景区面积不大。安排 30–45 分钟即可进行一次彻底的游览,如果赶上舞蹈表演,则需要 1 小时。
    • 可以与附近向南 2 km 处的 Long Son Pagoda 结合游览,花上半个早晨体验 Nha Trang 的非海滩景点。

    常见避坑指南

    • 正午前往。 山顶几乎没有阴凉处。在 4 月的中午,这里真的会让人感到不适。
    • 跳过底层。 大多数游客会径直走上楼梯。底部的 Mandapa 石柱值得您花上几分钟驻足欣赏。
    • 期望看到 My Son 那样的规模。 Po Nagar 只是小山丘上的四座塔楼,而不是一个庞大的考古公园。调整您的期望值,您会更欣赏它的本质——一座位于现代越南城市中、紧凑且仍充满生机的 Cham 文化遗产。